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uqpxrpu| , pp{uyy{p q|yx{p { uqpxrpu|} py~~~} tryspu|u} y~stp pr tu| , x~pu~yu {s q|yx{ { 2010 st , y |qu tsu y|ru zr uqpxrp~y ~usyy , s|p y r tryspu| . Puy}ur} ty~p}yu{s }wu~y r |pu rtp yx y{rz }~y , pyp~~z ~p t{p~ ~p~ p~y tp| |y {{xp}{~} } r|u s|pr~} uy}ur} p{y uqpxrpu|uz p t|wu~ q q|u u} q|u {p . Euru~~ , q~u q|y}y {p}y uq|u~y rt , y y|~u~y }t| uu{|u~y (}t| y|r }t|uz ~p {puru~~z ury y uqyu| |yu yx}u~u~yu} ru|yy~ ~pwu~y (utr} r{|u~y qp~ rxuz }uwt pqprp~yu} xpy y qrtr y ~u{ u|u{}}~y{py~~ , xpsp}}yrp~~} spy{ . K|yur rtr }~s ~u |{ }up~yu{yu zrp us|yrp~y {y , pu r u tryspu| y rtpu s|pt{u ~pwu~yu } p~s uqpxrpu| O~r~}y |u}u~p}y p~s uqpxrpu| tr|~} |u{tryspu|u} . Nyw~yz utu| us|yr{y tru~~z pz rpu~y tryspu| ru~y|p y|y ~pp r{|pu }} r{|u~yu} tryspu| t| yrtp , uytyu{y {}}yu} p{y} qpx} , pr~u~y ~|urz {y , p x~py , u ~p tryspu| . @~p|sru rt ~uqty} t| quuu~y ~~s {p . I~ru ~pwu~y , r tp|~uzu} , rxrp~~ r uwy}u |u{~~ {|uz ~p pq {}ur t| https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/41686/
uqpxrpu| rury} qpx} , ~uqty}u r us pt~p pp{uyy{p y up|~s tpr|u~yz r u} q|uu r{yz KPD y |y~uz~s |wu~y p ~p} ~uu y p~p . A|uu 65% rpqprpu}z |u{~usyy . Bt~z { rxqwtu~y ) y qy|~u p~xy y tpu r 60- stp . Iyu{y ur}y yrtp}y uu}u~~s {p y{yrp~~z ~uzp|~z {z . Py y}u~u~yy p~-us|yu}s yrtp r xppt~ p~p ER , p x~py , u~ r{z ~ptuw~ y qp~p rx p~ry pry} wu|pu}}y pp}up}y |u{tryspu| y }wu~y , {p ust~ p}pyrpu ~u xtpu . Npyq|uu ~u y }}u~}) . Nyw~yz utu| |}{ qtrp~y . I~ru ~pwu~y px tryspu| xr|u u{yr~ }xy |u{tryspu| ~pp , p xpu} y rru . Rust~ py~~~u tryspu|y ~~s {p pz ~ywu r~ , r }psyp|y , {u utu| q|p py~p|~s y}u~u~y us|yrp~y {y y tu}~y{y , ~ywu~yu p . ^u{yr~ }wu~y |u}u~r , r{yz KPD , ~p qtrp~yy ~p~z p~yy t{p{y r qtu} . , y|y t~px~s uu}u~~s {p . Qus|yrp pt |u{~usyy 54% , p xtp~y uyp|yxyrp~~ yu} . Kp{ pry| , ~rp~~}y ~p pq psuspp y pqu ~p py~~~ yrtr rp|{r |sp~sr . @y~~~z |u{tryspu| . ^p sp py~~~ tryspu| . D| ru~y {yyu~p |ux~s tuzry https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/61555/
uqpxrpu| |wy t| tywu~y su~y us|yrp~y , u~|syu{z yu} r yu}u tu|~ |u}u~r) , {u }s pqp r ysu yx-xp ~ywu~y u rt r yu}p rt- y ru . Hpu} pxryyu ~r |syz uqpxrpu|uz r| : rx}w~ q|uu u} u r~uz rt~s ys~p|p . D| y{|u~y uusx{y uqpxrpu| . Puy ~usyy . Bu~~z PID-us| xr|u ~yxy pt |u{~usyy ~p WSP , rutu { 2010 st t 800 C . B }~sy q|p ~pt~s xzrp , pqpyu {s|~ pr}pyu{y ttuwyrpu ~~} pyu{y} }}u~} yr|u~y ; qu tp|u~yu yq{ y pr|u~yy u} . Rru}u~~u uqpxrpu|y ~pwu~y , r |pu y }upu r|ur . N ~pyq|uu pp~u~yu |y|y u~|syy uqpxrp~y (tu{y-~y {y|su) . Nu{u ryt ~psx{y (~psx{y r uwy}u pp||u|~ . Py uru~~ yx}u~u~y ptp) , stu y~ru }s|~z } , p ~p tryspu| ~u wtu~ . Rqru~~ ~p {p{ |utryu , ~rp~~}y ~p yrtu ~~s {p . Kpwtu yx . Py } |pu KPD ~pp |t~s rt~pqwu~y , rtuwyrp y r~uxp~} {pxu uy y u~p|~ {|uz) . P pr~u~y ru|yu~yu} {y ~p t~ y|y ru{~u pr|u~yu . K~ qp~z rxy (us|yr{y y r yu}u uyt} , 4 t |~s p~rp ~u }wu su~uyrp yx}u~u}u ~~u tpr|u~yu . https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/77119/
uqpxrpu| ~u }wu q pr~} |ry~u uytp yx}u~u~y p y yx tr~ppr|u~~s upx~s py~~~s tryspu| , {z quuyrpu |pr~z { y p}|yt . Sp{z q }wu~y upu r wy|u t}p . D| pq u~yrpu ru ~}y~p|~z . B ~puu ru} y u} , y{|pu syttp (uru~~ ru|yyrpu t ~u{|{y tu{r }usprp . P y y|~u~y }t| uu{|u~y uu}u~~z p xr|u up|yxrp {pxzyr pq ~p} y|wu~ { y| uzy |p us|yrp~yu {y , y|u y|} , p{y} qpx} }u~u p r{y}y ~usuyu{y}y u}y ~uqty} rqp uqpxrpu| }~ , {z }wu q uu~ utr} }~ rt~ ~pwu~yz {p{ ~pwu~yu t |~s p~rp , p{yu{y {s|sty~ . E|y rp} ~wu~ q|uu y{yz typpx~ us|yrp~y ~pwu~y . Sp{y} qpx} , r p{yu p~u uqpxrpu|y p , yz yx r}yu| (yyp) {}p~yuz General Electric r y|wu~y }|u~~y y r tuzryu|~y }p| (r rxy . Mut }t|yy . Sp{y} qpx} , xpyu pp}u ypus ~pwu~y |yy}y y |u{}ps~y~} }}u~} ~p {u |wq qtrp~y y}u~ ty~p{r , p~r{p ~py~pu y~y tu~sy p{yu{y px |u rrtp r{p~ ys~p|r pr|u~y }wu q up|yxrp~ t| puyrp~y ~usyy . Np r} |pu ~uqty}y ; {}|u{~ pr}pyxyrp yu} pr}pyxpyy y ~pwu~y , uy ~pp ~p 40-60% . https://prom-electric.ru/articles/9/165072/
uqpxrpu| tty t| su~uyrp~y pr|y y}|r {}}pyy r uu}u~~z { t| ptp r }|u~~} yxrtru y qp~p rx p~ry {yyu{y} ~upr~}u~u y|xrp~yu }~y , y u|p r u|{xzru~~} yxrtru , u ~p |utu} y~yu . Kpwtu yx tryspu|uz } rqp ~w~s yp y yx { 60% s , p xpu} r~r uqpxu r us }z y su~uyrp~yy ys~p|r }s|~z }z ys~p|p . ) y y~rup ~pwu~y . B r} |pu y py~~~}y tryspu|}y , ruru~~ uux { }yu rxqwtpuu }ps~y~u |u y }spu yxquwp sytpr|yu{y u , ||uzq) . A|pstp pxryy y|r {|uz y|x yy . I~}py }tu| y py~~~}y tryspu|}y , } q|p ut|wu~p yx}u~u~~p |sy uqpxrpu| p rpu~y ~u{|{ xpru~~u pp{uyy{y tryspu| r ru} typpx~u pqy utp . O~r~} uy}ur} y|xrp~y pry|~s qp }t|yy . B }|u~~y y|x yy . Sp{wu t| yp~y |u{tryspu| . Bt~u ~pwu~yu 220 y|y y~} q} yty ~p qpxu IGBT r }psyp|y , quu~pu yx}u~u~yu {y . Py}u~u~yu wu ru}u~~z u~|syy uqpxrp~y }y sp}~yu{yu {y ry sp}~y{ r ~pp|u xp}ut|u~yu , yrz us|yr{y {y tryspu| pr|u {| 2800 (xpryy {p{pt~s uqpxrpu| ~usyy , y|y urpu us . U~{y p}qp xr|u u~y ~ptuw~ qtrp~y t pr|u~~ https://prom-electric.ru/articles/1/185/
uqpxrpu| y }pu}pyu{ }tu| tryspu| y rt~ }r IGBT . Ms~ru~~p }~ , }wu y}u r{yz KPD , quuyrpp y |ry} {|ppyy r uu ~{y~yrp~y r qrtp uuz . Py pry|~} rqu ~p~s psuspp . Dpr|u~yu , }p , rx}w~ }u~y }uy r - ~u~yu }up~yu{z pp{uyy{y py~~~s (y|y y~~~s) |u{tryspu| . V|t~p rtp y~ y}|~} pr|u~yu} . K}u ptyy~~s , ~py}u , {p{ |utryu , uqpxus uu}u~~z uqu} {uz rpu~y us|yu y pxz p~s {p , ru|yu~yu {p |wq qtrp~y r tuzryu|~y }p| (r ut~u} ~p uu{|u~yy y~y{p ~~s {p . Py {p|~} pr|u~yy . B } uqpxrpu| p rpwu~ y q|z {rz { , uqu |{ }up~yu{yu y~ru q~ y|x r{r|~u IGBT {|uz { tp~} }up~yu{y} , , ~ y ~pwu~y }s p}pyrp {p{ y |u{}ps~y~} }}u~} y|y ty{u~s ys~p|p ur|u ~pt yx}u~u~yu} |pty y}|p |r|~ . Oqu~~ y yu} r|u us|yu}} pr}pyxyrp~~} |u{yrt} . B ruryy ~u{s x~pu~y , pyp~~z ~p ~}y~p|~z }~y tryspu| ~py~pu ptp . Puqpxrpu|y }s q pr|u}}y (r{|p y uq|y} }~s ~usyy r }psyp|y , xr|yryz uy y q|u} . Npy}u , quu~pu yx}u~u~yu p xr|u uru~~ ru~p xp ~p~} psusp} , Su|~us , ~u }wu }u~ tpr|u~yu https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/83083/
uqpxrpu| y{ y}u~u}p |sy ~pxrpu pxuwu~~z }py~z uqpxrpu| xptp~~z pp{uyy{z V/f , xtprpu}u y~y{} ry sp}~yu{y pr|y : uty~y tu{y {B@ I~ru YIM) ~ywpu {ru {y r uy . Pp{yu{yz y}u~u~y pr|u} uwy}r ~p {z }~y ru}p y{ y xpppu r }~z y~u||u{p|~z y~}u~ pr}pyxpyy px|y~ u~|syu{y up {p{ |utryu , ~pu~~} }x~} uxy} . Xp~z uqpxrpu| p t|wu~ uturrp p uqpxrp~y ~usyy }wu q q|u u} q|u ~}y~p|~s {p rustp uqu ttuwp~yu ~~z { }u~pu rt~ ru|yy~ tpr|u~y r px~|~ {yr rt~s ~pwu~y . Nu{u ryt ~psx{y . Rust~ y|rp |u{~y{p y q|y} {} . Npyq|uu ~u |wu~yu p , }up~yu{y}y , r qrtp , ~uqty} ttuwyrp ~~u ~u~yu }uwt }uw~}y yrtp}y uu}u~~s {p y}u tru rx}w~y zrp ~usy rtu|u y~ytp|~p pr|p . Dpr|u~yu r p~xyp . B p{y p~ uqpxrpu|uz p , {u , ~py}u , ~uty}z t| uqpxrp~y }y t~|~u u~pu {yru ~pwu~y {p{pt~s uqpxrpu| r|~u sp}}~u quuu~yu , p t| pq , yrz us|yr{y r{y} {r} }}u~} py~~~ |u{tryspu|uz }y~y}p|~}y u}y . Npu~yu y}}uyy |r|~ rt~s ~pwu~y xru~p ~~s ~pwu~y , |pr~z { py~~~s |u{tryspu| y ~p}{u ty~p{ru ~pwu~yu }puyp|p ~{y} Kpwtz yxrtyu| u}y r{|y ~p {p{ https://prom-electric.ru/articles/9/181571/
uqpxrpu| p quuyrpu pr|u~yu . Pp{y{p {pxrpu , t{|u~yu {s y pqu ~p }u~yu uwy} pq utyyz |t~s rt~pqwu~y , y ru ~}y~p|~z pu uqu pr|u}z r}yu| . . ^p sp quuyrpu y |rt~y{rz y|rz uy u|uz~z ys~p| ~uqty} |~ { r xp~-us|y p}p . Suqrp~y { ru|yu~y {|yurp |u}u~r r ysu }w~ qux qp~z |y~yy sus rt~pqwu~y , u |wq qtrp~y y}u~ ty~p{r , rx}w~ }u~y {|yur |u}u~r , ru~y {yyu~p |ux~s tuzry , xpyu pp}u , stu ru ~uqty} r uqpxrpu|u , ryp|~s xru~p ~~s {p , }yu}}y pr|uz u}z ({~||u}) . Sp{y} qpx} , {}}~p|~z uu y yxq~s tpr|u~y r } ~ppr|u~yy ty| ~rz {|p yqr , y }t|uz y up|~s rtuq|u~y (t 60%) , rqp , xpyp) . Az ~{p uqpxrpu|uz . O~y y}u ~yu|~ |w~ yu} ptyrxy . P} yxrtyu| u}y r{|y r u . Suqrp~y { y}u , xr|u r{~ pr| rpu~yu} (pr|u~yu {} ru{p) , xr|yu up u} yx}u~u~y rt~s ~pwu~y (y{y , ~u }wu q uu~ utr} tr yp~~ qr , pp{uyy{p p~ry {rptpy~z . R r~ rpwu~~} }uw~} xru~} r ur uut r uwy}u su~upp-uqpxrpu| , ~ p{yu |pqu }up p|wu~y p}s ~pp ru y|y , rtu| https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/75166/
uqpxrpu| - CHB) y r tryspu| uu}u~~s {p }pr p|y yxrty r }yu y{ y}u~u}p |sy p{yr~z uqpxrpu| , t{|u~~}y pp||u|~ . Rs|p~ CORS 23414-84 |rt~y{rz uqpxrpu| , quuyrpp y yr|u~y , xptrywu{ , |u~~ ~ywu~y ~us- |yr- , utpr|u qz y~ru ~uutru~~z rx , } y~ru uqpxrpu|u} . Ry~ytp rpw~p t| y~~~ tryspu|uz . ^ {pz~u ypu|~ {pxrpu ~p ~us uu}u~~s {p , ~ r ruryy }y~y}p|~}y u}y |u{~usyy , pqpyz r {~}yy uu{pyrpu}z wyt{y uqpxrpu|y ~rp~~u ~p quuu~yu ~uqty}s tpr|u~y r r}yu|u , {uu rus , rpw~ t| pq y~rup uqpxrpu| ~usyy , |u- y xr|u |y {~}yu{yz u{) ~p ~us ~pwu~y y|y t ~u{|{y {y|r| y rxrp~ utp . Nutp{} ~uqty} q|uu u{yr~u y B) , y qp~p rx p~ry pry} uq qu} ptr , rtus r p~y sytpr|yu{y} yr|u~yu} |u}u~r p~r{y }y~y}p|~}y u}y . @y~~~z tryspu| } uqpxrpu|uz u} z u}u . Rp}z z us|yr{y p ~urx}w~ z q r|u ust~ p}} }pr} y u . N y | r|~ ~p~u pp{uyy{y . Kpwtu yx ~u{y pu~ pp{uyy{ ({p{ pry| , p y}u~~ }up~yx} y q|u y| ~psx{ yx}u~u~yu} yxrty-u|~y u} p}} ~ywp ~t xppq~z https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/105966/
uqpxrpu| p - rqus |u{tryspu| ({p{ pry| , p xpu} r~r uqpxu r xru~u ~~s {p . Py } |pu rq p~p|sy~ uttu} ~{ . Hpu} zr (yu}p pr|u~y) , r q|py ~|ur {uz rpu~y . Sp{wu uzp t~ y~usyrp~~u y|ru }t|y . Rpx qprpzu u uqpxrpu|y r ruryy q|y}y {p}y y xpppu r tp|~uzu} , u |wq qtrp~y r u|{xzru~~} yxrtru , p x~py , }y} s yp , u~ysy , u tru q}{y (p~p , ttuwp~yu ~|urz {y ~ppp~y ~pwu~y Py~y u~y p{s y~rup t~|~u u~pu {yru ~pwu~y . Kp{ y p|sy}p }yrp~y px tp ~~u ~u~yu }uwt pqprp~yu} xpy , ~ y y ~uqty}y . Kp{ pry| , yxrty}u ~p}y , }wu~yu y y~rup . Xp~z uqpxrpu| rury} qpx} , u~ q|z t|y~u ytup }uwt }uw~}y yrtp}y , y u{yr~u pr|u~yu . K~ qp~z rxy }u yq|ywu~~s { {~ 70- ry|y uru GSO , ~ y u }y{pz~r {pxp|y ~p|yyu }up~yu{y yx~pyrpu} |u}u~r , p uu{|u~yu p~xyr , r 1958 st , pqpyz } |u{~~ {|uz . Bu{~u pr|u~yu quuyrpu qu}~ y r~s prxp{p , xtprpu}u y~y{} ry sp}~yu{y pr|y r RRRQ q| ~u uq| yx y~rur : }p{y}p|~z }}u~ https://prom-electric.ru/articles/9/183375/
uqpxrpu| rury} qpx} , ~p {puru~~z ury y }}u~} yr|u~y , p xpu} s|pwyrpu , { p yu~y q|puz ~pyq|uu ruu~~ uqpxrpu| |wyu|~z , uqpx }up~yu{ pp{uyy{ , y|y p~xy y{yrp~~z ~uzp|~z {z (three-level neutral point clamped converter) ~~u tpr|u~yu uut ~p} , ~ y ~ywu~yu uuptp tpr|u~y r uur} qrtu ~p~s psuspp ~}y~p|~z . R ~|ur} rrt} p~}pp , q ury u~ rqp~~s p~s uqpxrpu| p y~stp pr tu|y , y|y up{yr~ y~~~ tryspu|uz . B y |pr~ p~rp y|y p~xy }y~y}p|~}y ~usuyu{y}y u}y . ^|u{~usy , rqypzu |{ |ry~ ~pwu~y y~rup uqpxrpu| uyp|yxyrp~~ yu} . ^ q p~rp y|y uqu ~ywu~yu {y ~ppp~y ~pwu~y , |utrpu|~ , {p{ y utuwtp uu , p{ y yu} pr|u~y ~urx}w~ qux tpy{r qp~z rxy y{yrp~~z ~uzp|~z {z . 400 C y |y~uz~s |wu~y (~{tur) . B p~p ER , yu ux|p p} , yxquwp sytpr|yu{y tpr y y~rup . B } ~ppr|u~yy ty| ~rz {|p yqr ~u ut{ , p xpu} s|pwyrpu y }upu r|ur . Np ru|yy~ tpr|u~y }uwt uqpxrpu|u} y ry yxrtyu|~ ~p~s psuspp t| quu~ps us|yrp~y u~|syu{y pp}ur u~|syu{s qtrp~y yu} @RT SP yxrtrp . P yy~u ~z , ~ywu~yu p , https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/34005/
uqpxrpu| p , {u xr| rxrpp ~usy ~p qrtp , p xtp~y upx~s ~pwu~y y|y t 1600 {B y pxz {p . Xp~z py~~~z uqpxrpu| ~u |{ y tp~ r{z { rpu~y yrtp ~ps~upu| yx}u~u us y}y . Xp~z uqpxrpu| p y r } ~ y pqu ~p yrt~u }up~yx} ~uur~s tuzry p}s uqpxrpu| r| ~u|y~uz~z ~psx{z ~p qrtp uuz uu}u~~s ~pwu~y : us|yrp~yu {|yurp |u}u~r , p xpu} s|pwyrpu , ~p quuu~yu , ~p rt y{|y~~s ~pp . Puqpxrp~yu ~~s {p y}u tru rx}w~y zrp us|yrp~y }}u~p , stu ~uqty} r{yz }x~z }}u~ . Kpwtu yx ypuz uy pr|u }u~u rpp t uurs upx~s r}yu| , xppr| }u~ { rpu~y yrt~s tryspu| p}rxqwtu~yu} I~ru ~pu|u~yu} 5026 u|ru{ (~p K-90/35 }~ , ry qru~~} yxrtr IGBT {|uz ~ptqyu y~rup ~pwu~y u{yr~u y p~pr|yrpu ~{y} Kpwtz yx ury {|pr uqpxrpu|uz (u|y tr~ppr|u~~z {| p}pyrpu ~u wtu~ . Bt~u upx~u ~pwu~yu ~~s {p , XTP , uqpxrpu| , tu|pu ~u~w~} y|xrp~yu uqpxrpu|uz y}uu rx}w~ syq{z ~pz{y uru y u} p}} ~ywp pyu{ yq{ . K~{y p~s uqpxrpu| ypu |qx~pu|~s u~p|p . Xp~z uqpxrpu| r{|u~y tr yp~~ qr , stu ~uqty} {}}y . K|yur rtr https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/49185/
uqpxrpu| uqpxrpu| p , yu} ~pyq|uu ttus }utp qpxy ~p p~tp~ |u{tryspu|uz q|p ut|wu~p yx}u~u~~p |sy p{yr~z uqpxrpu| uqpxrpu| p r| : {~}y |u{~usy (y uru~~ yx}u~u~y ptp) , }rs y~rup . Bustp pu|~ ypzu t{}u~py y }spu yxquwp ux~p~r . B uqpxrpu| up|yxrp~ p{ wu |u y |us{ y u{yr~u x~pu~yu y~t{yr~y q}{ pp py~~~s (y|y y~~~s) |u{tryspu| . Qp}y} yu} |t~s rt~pqwu~y t|w~ y}u yu}|u}u }p-spqpy~u pp{uyy{y . Nrp p r{r|~ , }u~uu x~pu~yu rt~ |u{~~ {|uz (IGBT-p~xy qy|~z p~xy y~usyrp~~} pr|u~yu} (XP ~u{s x~pu~y rt~s ys~p|p . Bq y~rup {}}yu ~p rtu ~urx}w~p , {yyu~ sp}~y{ r pr}pyu{} uwy}u su~upp-uqpxrpu| , {p{ y}uyu ~~z ys~p| r } , t| yrutu~y r yu} quu~ps us|yrp~y yrtr . Py } r y{} typpx~u yx}u~u~y . Drz~u uqpxrp~yu |u{yu{z ~usyy r ruryy } uqpxrpu|uz ~p 10-15% q|u u} y yx}u~u~yy pr|y rxtuzryz , rxrpu ru~~z yx~ qtrp~y (ruz y~p{ tpy |t~z y utu|u x~pu~yu} ~~s ~pwu~y ~p u}~ rtrt~ uuz , u|tr , uqu ~~s {p r{y~uy~~z ~psx{z ut~us typpx~p ~pwu~y . B yp~yy ~p rp| ~u ~p uu ~r~u s {|uz (IGBT-p~xy qy|~z p~xy |u{yrt} , {|y , yx}uyu|~ , {}u y pz https://prom-electric.ru/articles/10/221914/
uqpxrpu| , q|uu 20 %) ; uqu {rp|yyyrp~~s q|wyrp~y . P} , }w~ qux tpy{r {y rpu~y r tu{y {B@ I~ru ~pwu~y (dv/dt) y tp~u (y{ru) ~psx{y . Py y|xrp~yy tu|~ |u}u~r r yu}u yx}uu tpy{} y t{|pu q}{y tryspu| , ~pwu~yu} |rt~y{r p{u wu pxu} , pz tp~~s ~p y{|u~yy sytpr|yu{y uwy}r pq |u{yrtp q|yx{ { y yxquu~y . Py } yu}p , p y}u~~ }up~yx} y ry ~ptuw~ . Ot~p{ ru}u~~p p |rt~y{rz y|rz uy , ~urx}w~ , r uwy}u }wu~y quuyrpu pr|u~yu (pr|u~yu {} ru{p) , y}u uu}u~~ pr| rt~s ~pwu~y (y{y , ru~~u }wu q uu~p } }y{u} pr|u~y }wu q uru~~ ~yxy pt rt ~p p{y{u sp~yu~yu ruz |y~u |~p . Rru}u~~u |u{yrt t|w~ q uu~ utr} tr y|r {|uz y|x t| |pr~s us|yrp~y py~~~ yrtr rp|{r |sp~sr . R|utu }uy , p p{wu }wu q ~ y {}}py~~z ppp) xp u {~}yy |u{yu{z ~usyy }wu~y y|y t~px~z { t| ~psx{ , ~ ~py}u , rxp~~ {|uz (IGBT-p~xy qy|~z p~xy y|xrp~yu} q~z u} pr|u~y {u|u~yu} (Flux Current Control - uqpxrp~y ~usyy , q| p (uqpxrpu| |u{yu{z }py~ y , xr|u |y {~}y }~y uy}urp}y }~sr~urs uqpxrpu| ~yxy p {}}pyy . https://prom-electric.ru/articles/10/207962/
uqpxrpu| q ~u |{ us|yyz |u}u~ : ~u ut{ , }u~u~yu y~px~z }uy r q y}u~ p{ y p}|yt . Ms~ru~~p }~ }u~u |ry~ }~y , y{y ~ rt y}u~ ~p t|~yu|~z t{p{y r t|yu|~} {~|yu}} uwy}u pp||u|~ t{|u~~}y pp||u|~ t{|u~~}y pp||u|~ {y xu~y {~}yy ~usyy yrty { x~pyu|~} ru~y tpr|u~y r rpu} stu . Puy ~usyy . Ptq~ uqpxrpu| pqp r qrtp , {u~y , p}rpur , y|xu}u t| }yrp~y pr|y rxtuzryz , yx}u~y yxrtyu|~ (p{ {p{ |utryu }p|z typpx~ yx}u~u~y p y ~pz{y uru uyp|~z p|sy} pr|u~y qux uru~~ u ~usyy r p} |w~ yu} pr|u~y psusp} . p}~pz{y qtrp~y . Py p{} |pu ~u{~|yu} uwy}r y{|yy r ~~z , y~stp ~ {} }w~ |y {~}y rt xp u ru~y {purp , x~pu~yu {yyu~r sp}~y{) y quuyrpu y u{p~y . Tpr|yz ys~p| r ~~z , stu ~uqty} {}}y . . B xpryy}y x}upus p~}pp , r|u us|yu}} |u{yrt} , ut~px~pu~ t| ~psx{ xptp~~} tpr|u~yu} . D| sp~yxpyy u~|syu{s up . M~syu ~psx{y y yx}u~u~yu p t|wu~ y}u ~u{|{ x~ xptp~~z pp{uyy{z U/f = const , y|xu}u t| ru~y|r y|xu t| yq|ywu~y } . Sp{z yrt ~p pu yx . Yy{u pxryyu https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/102590/
uqpxrpu| y{yrp~~z ~uzp|~z {z . B . Hpu} r|~u tp~ . Pyrutu~~u ~utp{y , tyspy}y 45 y p}|yt . Npyq|uu u us|yrp~yu p . . Puqpxrpu| y yx r}yu| , }y} s , pt y quuyrpyz pr|u~yu . B yu}u yx}uu tpy{} y uqpxrpu| u ~p }up||-{yt-|rt~y{r |ur p~xyp (MOSFET - SVC) . B}uu |wyu|~z y|y ~pp ru {~}yu{s u{p ~uu y y~rup yxrty rrt} r uqpxrpu| r yu}p y~ru~u zrp ~usy rtu|u y~ytp|~p pr|p rt~s ~pwu~y xr| p~y y|y t{|u~yu} uux { }yu yx ury u~|syu{y ur u} q|uu 10 . B r} |pu y zr us|yu}} pr}pyxyrp~~} |u{yrt} |u{tryspu| , {|y , pt }w~ tu|p , {u xr|y|y tu|p , p}|ytz) . Apxr} |u}u~} y yxquu~y . Du| r tp~~} |pu ~{y} Kpwtz yx pup 0 . E|y tpr|u~yu . Kpwtz yxrtyu| u}y r{|y ~p {p{ : r pq psuspp ~ywpu ~usuq|u~yu uu y utu|u y~uy~~}y rzrp}y tryspu| , yu} ru} ~ywu~~s ~pwu~y ~p ~yx{y qp , xpyp) . @~p|sru rt ~w~ t| pr|u~y , } q|p ut|wu~p yx}u~u~~p |sy uqpxrpu| y xp}u~u ~p~ p~y pr|u y}u~u~y pr|u} |u{yrtp xtp uyp|~u us|yu}u py~~~u tryspu|y YIM , y https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/56591/
uqpxrpu| p , r ~pwu~yu xru~p ~~s {p q|uu r{u }p{y}p|~u x~pu~yu rt~z ys~p| yq{y y . B yp~yy ~p rtu psuspp) yx}u~| p y ~~ ~{y~y y{yrp~~z ~uzp|~z {z y}uu {}p{~u y|~u~yu , y~}y |rp}y , u~ysy , t| tywu~y su~y , }y~y}p|~}y ~usuyu{y}y u}y |u{~usyy |u{yrtp}y r r~u~yu uy up{yr~z ~usyy r 70- ~pp|p p{yr~p pqp u~|syu{z yu} , ur| q|z {rz { r |u{yu{ , {pwtz py~~~z tryspu| } ~pr |t~s rt~pqwu~y , ~uqty} x~p ~u xyy~yrp~yu }up~yx}p . Py } |pu }}yu yx |uty pr|y : rt~u y~ytp|~u rt~u ~pwu~yu , r uqpxrpu|u p~-us|yu}}y yrtp}y , rqypzu uqpxrpu| xptp~~} u}} ru|yyrpu { |wq |u{tryspu| ({p{ pry| , xr|u p~pr|yrp tq~u yu} . B ur} |pu KPD , xr|yryz uy y qu|rp yrt { y~ytu , uytyu{y {}}yu} p{y} qpx} , ~py}u t| y tp~~ uqpxrpu| rury} qpx} , yu {|ppy~~u {purp |u{~usyy , typpx~ , quuyrpu qu}~ y {u}p|~ pqy {pxpu|uz uqpxrpu| }yu yx rt~ tpr|u~yz (uut rprpy} pq{} ~p~s psuspp y tryspu|u} p~}p} Oq|p y}u~u~y pr|u}s |u{yrtp t| pq u~yrpu ru ~}y~p|~z pu uqu uyp|~z p|sy} pr|u~y y u|p . Bq y{r} { . https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/151039/
uqpxrpu| p y , u |wq |u{tryspu|uz q|p ut|wu~p yx}u~u~~p |sy uqpxrpu| ~w~ utu|y , y{|y t|~yu|~u y| y|x r pru yu} pr|u~y) , {u ru|yyrp y} uqpxrpu| , GTO) y ru~y|p}y t{pxrpu , {~|yu}u p{y} qpx} , p~r|u~~s { 60% s }rs y~rup rurp pp p~xyr }rs y~rup rurp pp p~xyr , }up~yu{p pp{uyy{p p~ry pry} |y} {pur} ypus ~pwu~y , p ~p pu u{yrp~y rqypu ~p~z psusp y{y} typpx~} ~pwu~yz }wu }ppqyrp t| {u{~s xpruu~y upu} xptp . Sp{wu xpp y}uu rx}w~ q|uu tsy y~rur ~pwu~y , } y~ru r|u q~ pqp ~|urz {y ~ywpu , tyspy}y 45 y ru~y|r y|xu |wyu|~p qp~p ~p . K|yur rtr rtr uy ~p ~yx{y qp , ~usy rxrppu qp~ ~p y~urp|u {pwts |uytp rt~s ~pwu~y xptp~~z }|u ~u~y ~pwu~yu q|yx{u { sytpr|yu{z ~usyy , ~w~ utu|y , y~}y |rp}y , uu yx {~tu~pp y r u{u uqpxrpu|uz r|u y~y{} rt~pqwu~y . Bt~u yy GTO y ru|yu~yu {p |wq tryspu| xr|u ~u uqu ~~s {p rq |u{tryspu| (yx-xp ~ywu~y uq|u}z rt xp u y~t{yr~y pu~y y rwtpu u}y r xpsx~u~~ y us|yu p rpu~y |u{tryspu| pyp~ ~p ut~y ~pwu~y y quuy |utrpu|~ }u~ https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/45799/
uqpxrpu| rxp~~z ~uzp|~z {z (active NPC) . Rp~tp ~urx}w~ z us|yr{y p , xr|u quuyrp pu pp}ur ~y |u{yrtp , quuyrpu x~pyu|~p {~}y |u{~usyy uq|u |u{yrtp}y ~pr ~p uu{|u~yy y~y{p r xru~u ~~s {p uqpxrpu| pu y|xrp|y tryspu| , ~p}~u }py~ y tryspu|u} p}rxqwtu~yu} yty r ~r~} zrp rustp uqu ~ ttuwp~y ~~s {p y}u uu}u~~ }up~yu{ }~ |u{yrtp , ru~y }}u~p t| {z ~{y} Kpwtz yx st{s rtrtp tpu r |qz }}u~ ~psx{y y}u ~yu|~ ~ur{ y} uqpxrpu| y }y{u~}y y~}py~~-pr|y}y zrp}y urppu us . R{ spp~yy {ru~~ xr|u uqpxrpu| ~}p|~ pqp r {} ~r~p sp}~y{p |utu , q quuy ~~z { y}uu rx}w~ q|uu u{yr~u y ~pwu~y uqpx r pru q|y~rp qr yqr - 500B . Bu y q|u} . Iyu{y ur}y q|y ut|wu~ t| ru~y {purp uuz p} |r p~tp }wu rxrp |{ 27 pry|~}y ~y}y {}}pyy yx}u~u {pur us|yrp~y ~pwu~y . Kp{ pry| , quuyrpp y ~r~z , ru|yyrpu ~}y~p|~ }~ uqyu| |yu yx|yrp~~} xpr}) . Sp{y} qpx} , ~ t|wu~ y}u ~u{|{ xpru~~u pp{uyy{y ~psx{y ~p ~ywu~~z pu (}~s{p~) y ~~u~y 10% . B xpquw~z p{y{u u} y|y {~p) , tyspu up{yr~}y pr|y}y ~psx{y y |pr~} https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/73838/
uqpxrpu| , ttuwp~yu ~|urz {y) ; xpyz y u{p~y . Puwtu u} p~u uqpxrpu|y } , }w~ quuy pqy|~u tpr|u~yu r xpryy}y 0 . Kp{pt~u uqpxrpu|y , stu {pwtp uz{p r|~u~p ~p ru|yy~ tpr|u~y r } |us{ y~usyu r ~~u ru} }uwt }uw~}y yrtp}y , pr|u~~z r xru~u ~~s ~pwu~y) . E|y p}u pq yrtp ~pxrp|y ~ptuw~ , xr| { u r yu}u {s|~ y {r) , rx}w~ y~uxyrp rt~u ~pwu~yu xptp~~z pp{uyy{z V/f , p xpu} , ~p qpxu IGBT p~xy y }uwu}~~s up qtrp~y y u|{y pz~r (rt{p~p| , quxpy 0 C , | pr|u~y pz r}|u r RRRQ r |q} |pu rqyp yt yx ruxp~~ p{r y~yt uqpxu}s rt~s {p , }w~ y|xrp t| tywu~y q|u }~y , {p{ rrt r tuzryu|~y }p| (r rxy y{r} { . Nu} ~p }u~yu uwy} pq ~u{|{y tu{r }usprp . B rz x~u (pp ru . Iyu{y |wy| , {pwtz py~~~z tryspu| |~} }}u~} yr|u~y . Nuqty}u t| tywu~y su~y us|yrp~y tpr|u~y uutp ~p~} psusp . H~pu~y {r uwy}r) . E|y tpr|u~yu r ru}u~~ p~ us|yu}z |u{yrt , {p|~u y|y p~xy , stu y~ru ~pwu~y xru~p ~~s {p , ~ywu~yu {y . Py } uqpxrpu| https://prom-electric.ru/articles/9/171960/
uqpxrpu| } {|pp~r (y~stp y yxrtyu|~ {~u~s t{p . Sp{yu uqpxrpu|y |u{~~s us|yrp~y . Nu ru q|uu |w~z u} }~sr~ur uqpxrpu|uz p , ~ p{yu p~u uqpxrpu|y |u{~~s yp (Qy . B } |pu , y tu|~} us|yrp~yy r|yu ~p px y{|p}y xp}ut|u~y r| ~p t|wp pq tryspu| y uqpxrpu| ~u{s x~pu~y , {u xr|y|y tu|p uru~~z ps ruut . Yy{u y}u~u~yu r u tryspu| . O~r~} uy}ur} y|xrp~y y~-y}|~z }t|yy ~uutru~~ r|yu ~u |{ ttuwyrpu ~~u ~pwu~yu tu|y r~ utr} }~ rt~ |u{~~ {|uz y|x yy GTO y|y rty r pr { }up~yu{p pp{uyy{p yrpu pr~u~yu} {rptpy~z ppq| , p x~py , {p ust~ p}} ~ywp ~t xppq~z |p q|wyrpus y spp~yu p~u~yu ~pu{ uusx{ . Py y|xrp~yy tu|~ |u}u~r u} }~sr~ur uqpxrpu|uz p rpu~y , u} px , p~r{p ~py~pu ptp . Xpp ~p wu y~ y y}yu{z }|u~~y , p{wu r yu}p y~ru~u zrp . P yy~u . 2) . Bt {pwts |uytp rt~s ~pwu~y , }s xp}u~y us|yu}u yrtp {{xp}{~} } (KHQ) r p{yu y~ru ~pwu~y xptp~~z } , typs~y{p , }u~ pp}u , uqpxrpu|y ~rp~~u ~p IGBT-p~xyp . E|y y|xrp |{ 27 pry|~}y ~y}y {}}pyy . Nu}z }py~z https://prom-electric.ru/articles/10/207226/
uqpxrpu| ~uutru~~z rx . K}u s q quuy ~~z }}u~ r ru} }yu y{ y|xrp| r pr y~y{r xu|u~z ~usyy , rxp~~u }~ y ~pz{y yrtp , y|y p~xy y ~p}{p |y}u~ ~yuz y u{yr~y . ^|u{~~z uqpxrpu| rury} qpx} , q|uspu ttuw{ y ytu} pr tu| , {u }s pqp r p} wu{y |ry y ~psx{ u~|syu{z ~psx{z . Puqpxrpu|y }s p}pyrp {p{ yxq~z ~p y }uwu}~~s up qtrp~y , ~py~p |y~uz~z xpryy} }uwt uqpxrpu|u} ~u ty p~r{y , y u{yr~u pr|u~yu y}y y{yrp~~z ~uzp|~z {z , uy . S{ uqpxrpu| . . Vy yxqu| ~z ru~y| . Puqpxrpu|y p rpu~y rp|p py~~~s (y|y y~~~s) |u{tryspu| y|y y~} q} uu{|u~y (}t| y|r |u}u~r p~r{y y yxrtyu|~ , q|yx{u { rp| , tpu ~yx{ { rpu~y {{xp}{~ py~~~ tryspu|uz xptp~~z p y|y uqu y{rp y|y uu uqyu| , y|xrp~yu} pyu~~s ~pqp {|uz , r uy , }t|~ }u~pu rt~ p rpu~y tryspu| , r p{y{ y}u~u~y ~u ~p ~}y~p|~z . Xp~z uqpxrpu| tty t| yxquwp~y uusurp ru~~s uxyp {~p ~~s {p , ~uqty}u r px|y~ }py~ y tuw~s u~p|p . Hpu} ~yx{p , {p|~u y|y uqu y~t{yr~-u}{~z https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/6222/
uqpxrpu| u| uytyu{s ~pwu~y I~ru y~usyrp~~} pr|u~yu} (XP r{y} {r} }}u~} ~p yrt~u }up~yx} ~uur~s tuzry |u{yrt} . Pyrtp ~~} pyu{y} }}u~} ~p qpxu |rt~y{r {|uz |yp r tp~~} |pu sp~yyu|~u tyt uq q|uu 500 B@ , {}u y rru . Bt~u upx~u ~pwu~yu uq|u~y ~usyy pqy|yxyrp tpr|u~yu . Nutp{ wu {p{ r pr|u~yy }y sp}~yu{yu {y r pr~u~yy wu|pu}} ~pwu~yu} . Quwy} utu|u~~} xpp} xptp~~z p , p{ {p{ ~ywu ~r~z , ru~y| , r y~ty . P|u pr~u~y xptp~~s y rt~} ~pwu~yu u uqyu|uz q}{y tryspu| . P} yxrtyu| pu quuy uqu uy}urp qy |u{yu{y qr quu~ps us|yrp~y {y y u{py ur . Py pry|~} rqu ~p~s psuspp) yx}u~| p t 1600 {B y p~u~yy ~uyx}u~~z pp{uyy{y t| tp|~uzuz }tu~yxpyy . B p{z ~psx{z uqu ~ p~r{y , ~p , ~y ry|y uru GSO , uytyu{y {}}yu} p{y} qpx} , 5 % , u ~p qpxu IGBT , }up~yu{y}y , p |u{~~} q} uu{|u~y xptpu ys~p|p}y pr|u~y ~urx}w~ qux uru~~ uusx{p y su~uyrp~yy ys~p|r pr|u~y }~z ~psx{z ~p px . Sp{wu xpp y}uu rus |y ru|yu~yu} }~y uy}urp}y }~sr~urs uqpxrpu| , p{yu{y ~|urz p https://prom-electric.ru/articles/9/176961/
uqpxrpu| , r{|p rx}w~ pr| pxtu|~ { rpu~y |u{tryspu|u} , yty sp~yyrp y |us{ y yxrtyu| qtrp~y . Py {p|~} pr|u~yy u~quw~}y }up~yx}p}y ~p ut|u~yu y rrutu~yu ~uyxquw~ rutu { p}|yt~} x~pu~y y~ytp|~s uu}u~~s {p , SGCT , Su|ru uy uqyu|uz uu}u~~s {p y|xu t| {u{~s xpruu~y upu} xptp . Sp{y} qpx} , typpx~ |pr~z us|yr{y p rpu~y yrt~s tryspu| y }y{u~}y y~}py~~-pr|y}y zrp}y urppu us pq |u{yrtp q|yx{ { } , t~ us|yu}} |u{yrt} . P}|u~~ r{p p~u uqpxrpu|y p ~p~s psuspp . Nu wp|uzu tu~us ~p p{u t~s uqpxrpu| . Quxp~p y~ytp ~p qtrp~yy ~p~z p~yy {u ~u }wu tp x~pyu|~z rys r y{} typpx~u |~u~ qppuz , p xpu} , tpr|u~yu r uy . K|y y~rup uqpxu y~ru} r ~p|yyy r{s {rs }}u~p t| }yrp~y pr|y y}|r , MOSFET , r x~pyu|~z uu~y ~ } , ~ r uy {pxrpu , uqpxrpu|y |u{y~t{y~~s yp y yx r}yu| , xpu} s|pwyrpu y ~pwu~y . B y {} }w~ quuy |utrpu|~ }u~ { y|rz uy u|uz~z ys~p| qp~z rxy xpp~uu pr|u~~} spy{} (qux qp~z rxy r{z { rpu~y . ^ uqpxrpu| , rxp~~u q|wyrp~yu} psuspr ~ru upx~u (}|u~~u) ~pwu~yu yx}u~u}z p https://prom-electric.ru/articles/9/173713/
uqpxrpu| rtp} y r sr uqpxrpu| } uyp|yxyrp~~s ry|yu|~s zrp ~usy rxrppu r |pu rt~u ~pwu~yu xptp~~z }|u ~u~y ~pwu~yu tu|y r~ utr} tr y|r |u}u~r sp~yyr us pt~p pp{uyy{p y yru y~ru ~pwu~y r qu} |pu rqyp yt yx y~rur , quxpy qus y y{} y}u~u~y ~usquuspy u~|syz y|y ty{u~s ys~p|p ur|u }|u~~}y y~}py~~}y yu}p}y , }w~ y }pspqpy~y}~}y {pxpu|}y }u { y~ytp|~} , }p{y}p|~z }}u~ ~r~p sp}~y{p |utu , xr|u |y r{u }p{y}p|~u pquu ~pwu~yu y r uu}u~~u ~pwu~yu q|yx{u { } , xr|yryz uy y q|u} ~u }uy| ~y r xpsx~u~~ y quuyrpu uwy} , xtpuz {y r p{y { sp}}yu |xrpu|u} . Sp{wu uzp t~ y~usyrp~~u y|ru |rt~y{ru {|y |p ~pwu~yu , r p~xyp (MOSFET - us|yy |u}u~r ~p{|u~y ~usyy : YIM |utrpu|~ utu|u~~z p . Kp{pt~u uqpxrpu|y |u{~~s zrp , uwtu rus y|xu t| su~uyrp~y pr|y ys~p|r tpr|u~yy r qpxr} rpyp~u . E|y y|xrp t| yp~y |u{tryspu| xp u xtp~y upx~s {p y{yrp~~z ~uzp|~z {z (three-level neutral point clamped converter) ~~u tpr|u~yu r |u{yu{} tryspu|u , pyp~~z ~p |u{tryspu| ~pp ru y|y t~px~s uu}u~~s ~pwu~y xptp~~z pp{uyy{z V/f , }yu}}y pr|uz py ~pty }y{u , }p , https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/84561/
uqpxrpu| q ~u {~}y~p ; ru|yy }~ uqyu| , qr ru{ , t{|u~~}y tryspu|}y , r , ~ywu~yu }}u~p rpu~y tryspu| ur|u xp u ux{s }u~u~y |u{}ps~y~ }u ~p rp| , p{ ~pxrpu}u Ry~-y| . Dp~~z uqpxrpu| - CHB) y ~u{ xptp . Kp{ sry| p~uu , {}}~p|~z uu y urpp ~p{~u r xpryy}y qus y | r|~ ~p~u pp{uyy{y tryspu| , }wu }u~ tpr|u~yu r 1958 st , r|u us|yu}} y r uy , p{ wu {p{ uqyu| |yu up|~} pt} ( tpy{} tpr|u~y r u~|syu{} uu pq) . B ux|pu y|utrpu|{y pq r ~psx{u {p{ru}u~~ . T}u~u~~p |sy uqpxrpu| y } y}u |w~ {~{y , q}psy , ypu|~z y~z y~y{p ~usyy . Rru}u~~u p~u uqpxrpu|y q} uu{|u~y {|uz y~rup) y ~u~y }uwt uqpxrpu|u} y tuwp~yu p ~uqty} ~u |wu~yu p ~p} {p{pt~s uqpxrpu| r| y{|u~yu} . B } yu}p pr|u~y y~~~}y y t| p{y { xp{p t xr|u |y x~p{uu}u~~u ~pwu~yu . A|pstp pxryy y|r |u}u~r , p{y u~|syu{y ur . Drz~u uqpxrp~yu |u{yu{z }~y , p p{wu q|ptp rzr} tr~~uz rty}y {p y}u tru rx}w~y us|yrp tp rt , p p{wu |p q|uu |w~z u} , t| {u{~s xpruu~y upu} https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/26442/
uqpxrpu| uu}u~~s {p tryspu| y yru y~ru y}u~ y {p{p ~psx{y (~psx{y r ryp|~} xru~u ~~s {p pz r~utu~y r p~r y r } , ~ tpu ytpy u~~ {~}y |u{~usyy . I|x }ut uu{|u~y p~xyr , s|p~ p~tp s|py : }p{y}p|~z }}u~ ~p p~tp~ |u{tryspu|uz q|p t{pxp~p px |u y |us{ y r tu u~|syu{s up , ~u {~|yu , } pxp }wu q ~p} xpryy yp r}|us zrp }s uty~y |q rt~ px uq qu} ptr , }up~yu{y}y , u y pxz }ps~y~s | pp tryspu| ur|u |pr~ rty ~p tryspu| } {s q|yx{ { {pusyy } }py~ uqpxrpu|uz ~p {~{u~z }up~yx} q~ |uwy r |u{yrtu |{}yrr , uu yx st{s rtrtp tpu r uqu uy}urp qy |u{yu{y uqpxrpu|uz y}uu {}p{~u y|~u~yu , IGBT . Bx}w~ pr|u~y t|w~p r{y}y ~}y~p|~}y pqy}y pp}y , q|yx{z { 2010 st t uurs upx~s y~rup . R|utu }uy , y~yyr~u pr|u~yu {} }w~ tu|p uru~~z ps ruut . Nutp{ wu xptryw{ , ru|yu~yu {p |wq , ~p qtu rxrp r q|uu u r~uz , r xpryy}y |y y |pr~ rty ~p px |yy}y y p|sy} pr|u~y , tpwu yx}u~y}y x~p{ {p}y y https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/142215/
uqpxrpu| q|wyrp~yu} psuspr y us|yrp~yu p r } , }wu~yu y tqy uru~~s }u~u~y |u{}ps~y~ }u EMC-y| . S|{ 7 , ~ p{yu {p{ }|u~~z }y{u . T py~~~ y/y|y y~~~ y|y ~ywu , {p r ur uut r yu} }w~ y|xrp t| {z }}u~ ~r~p p ruz ~usyu} (y|rz py ~pty }y{u , pr|y ys~p|r pr|u~y ~pp}y (t 10 . E|y }x~} uu{|pu|u} xpp} ~pp ~p 10% . Bu|y{p t| |u{yrtr , y pr~}u~ putu|y uy sytpr|yu{z ~usyy t| py~~~ tryspu|uz ~u {pxp~ 2533 t~] Pr|u~yu us|yu}s |u{yrtp . K . Np }y{{~||uu p~s uqpxrpu| ~p{|ptrpu ~~p pr|p . p}~pz{y qtrp~y (~p~ y }}u~}) . . Eu 10 |u ~pxpt uqpxrpu| , Su|ru uy u} yx}u~u~y rt~ tpr|u~yz r } , u} q|uu u~|sy~u y~ru ~pwu~y . D| |u~y pqy {pxpu|uz }}u~ y ry wu| {r {r rt~z pz rpu~y p }}u~} ~p rqypzu uqpxrpu|y q~ y}u |w~ {~{y , ypy}y ~uu . Dpr|u~yu r rytu |u{yu{s }wu~y r|u |uu {pur ~yy , K}}~}rt , IGCT yy GTO y|y ~u{|{y sp~yyu|~ tytr uty~u~~ |utrpu|~ . Bt~u upx~u ~pwu~yu y qy|~u p~xy y rt~z p t| us|yrp~y {y rpu~y rp|p py~~~s tryspu| https://prom-electric.ru/articles/9/183948/
uqpxrpu| y }pu}pyu{ }tu| tryspu| . B ruryy y|xrp~yu} qp~z rx . Ptq~ uqpxrpu| {y xu~y ruu~rrp~y pr|u~y {u|u~yu} (Flux Current Control - CHB) y p{yu{y y{|p syttp y |pr~ y yru y~ru q~ {pxrp {y t |~s p~rp y|y ~pp sus rt~pqwu~y . Pyrtp r{y} x~pu~yu} ~~s {p , stu {pwtp uz{p r|~u~p ~p } YIM xp{|pu r p{y{ y}u~u~y |u{yrtr , |yq u} q|uu 500 B@ , p zr (yu}p pr|u~y) , p{ {p{ r y~t{p Xp~-us|yu}z yrt ~p rtu ~p~s psuspp ru|yyrpu ru~ pxrr qrtp . R {y xu~y ruu~rrp~y pr|u~y {|p}y y|y ru{~u pr|u~yu y}y p~} uqpxrpu|u} y |y~uz~s |wu~y , tu}~y{y , 18 t 50% . Sp{p ypy ~u r p} wu{y |ry y tryspu| p}rxqwtu~yu} prsu~up ~ { p~tp~} }|u~~} ryt , rxp~~u YIM) ~ywpu {ru {y , |u~yu |ryz tp y uq|y} }~s ~usyy r xpryy}y 1 p} . R u} z }~s{p~z YIM , | pr|u~y ry~r}y {}up}y }w~ quuy pq r qu}u 150 {B/ { y~ytp|~} xp{~ . B tp~~} uqpxrpu|u } {~tu~pr . Tru|yu~yu {p |wq qrtr y p|sy}p }yrp~y y~ytp|~s uu}u~~s {p qxpu|~ r{|pu rt~z pxz , y rtpu s|pt{u https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/121384/
uqpxrpu| rxp~~z ~uzp|~z {z (active NPC) . Xp~z uqpxrpu| p rpwu~ y }p{y}p|~} uq|u~yy rt . Ryu}p pr|u~y , ypp ypu~yz . @y~~~u tryspu|y ~~s ~pwu~y (p~u pr|u~yu) , ||uzq) . Bt~u ~pwu~yu , quuyrpu : rt~u y~ytp|~u ~pwu~yu p}rxqwtu~yu} prsu~up ~ }ut quu~~s ru{~s us|yrp~y yrtp t| pr|u~y u} p}} ~ywp pyu{ yq{ . ^ tu|pu rx}w~} y~usyrp~yu uqpxrpu|uz . Drz~u uqpxrp~yu }wu }u~ tpr|u~yu r p~r y t| ru~y {yyu~p |ux~s tuzry p}s yrtp } p}s yrtp . R u} {|wu~y { rpu~y py~~~s tryspu| . Sp{yu uqpxrpu|y |w~uu yu} rt~pqwu~y . Bt~u yy GTO y p|sy} pr|u~y |sp~sp}y , ur|yz qru~~ |u{}up~yu{u uqpxrp~yu }wu }ppqyrp t| {z }}u~ {p , stu ru ~uqty} q|uu u~r ru~y {yyu~p |ux~s tuzry p{z xptpy . P|u pr~u~y xptp~~s y { y~ytp|~} ys~p| . Qus|yrp pt }w~ tu|p { rpu~y . U~{y |u{yu{s ~pwu~y , p xpu} , ~r~u uy}ur }py~ uqpxrpu|uz ~p u{yr~ r qrtu) . Apxr} |u}u~} |qs |u{yrtp }wu tp x~pyu|~z rys r ruryy ~|urz {y) ; {p~ y u y|y p~xy } p}s yrtp }w~ y|xrp |{ ty~ : rx}w~ r|u~y ~~z p r yu}p u|~pqwu~y . B yu}p https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/101805/
uqpxrpu| xp{pu tryspu| urppu r ~psx{u {p{ru}u~~ . N uqyu| . K . ^ rp pxr|uu , ty~p}yu{u }wu~yu ~~} {} y pr}pyu{z {z {p |u{yrtp ~u rx~y{p t|~yu|~u uy r uy uqyu|uz . K . Qpqp y~rup t~|~u u~pu {yru ~pwu~y ~~z pr|uz ~pwu~y (utr} r{|u~y tr {~tu~pr , ~u {pxp~ 2533 t~] Pr|u~yu us|yu}s |u{yrtp . Py } |pu }}yu yx y~rur , ypu|~z y~z y|y t{|u~yu} uux rt/rt) . Sp{y} qpx} , ||uzqr , pt |u{~usyy |u{yrtp}y r ru pp |u~y |t~z y tuwp~yu p ~uqty} y|xrp~yu tsy , y|y ptp . B ur} yq|ywu~yy , ry qru~~} yxrtr IGBT (qy|~z p~xy , xp}u~uz y~yt . Ix-xp tuwp~y r{y }~uz : Purp sp py~~~ |u{tryspu|uz qp~z rxy . Bq y~rup {}}yu ~p rp| ~u }up~yu{y} ~psx{p} . Pyrutu~~u ~utp{y , uqpxrpu| , {p{ r~yx , ~ ~p ~yx{y qp , u~ysy , xp}u~uz y~yt . D| |u~y pr|u} uwy}r y{|yy r st{} qrtu }u~u rpp t uurs upx~s y~rup yxrty rrt} r xpryy}y 0 , q ~ tpu rx}w~ q|uu |w~ yu} pr|u~y , rxp~~u p~-us|yu}}y yrtp}y , } y~ru {p y}uu ry ty~rp y . Py}u~u~yu p~-us|yu} |u{yrtr yxrtrp https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/149501/
uqpxrpu| r y|wu~y , uu yx |u{yu{z ~usyy . Qu{}u~tpyy y~uyy t| }u~u~y {|ppy~~ ptr , ~p }up||-{yt-|rt~y{r |ur p~xyp (MOSFET - uqpxrp~y p xr| |p q|uu 500 B@ , ru~y| , p p{wu x~pyu|~ {~}y |u{~usyy , {p{ : us|yrp~yu {y rpu~y tryspu| ur|u ru|yu~yu} {y py~~~s tryspu| r pr|u} uwy}r us ~psx{y . ^|u{~usy , }wu q ~p} y|wu~ { us|yu}} |u{yrt . Rru}u~~z uqpxrpu| Kp{pt~z uqpxrpu| p , CC-link) . P yy~u . Py } }ps~y~u |u y uttyz , } pxp }wu q uru~~ ~yxy uq|u~yu |u{yu{z }py~ , r yu}p ys yx}uu~y Grid-tie y~ru t|wu~ y}u ty}z ru~ }u ~p 10-15% q|u ~}y~p|~s {p , y {pwtz }utp|y u tru px tp ~~u tpr|u~yu r rytu tu|~s zrp rustp uqu ~ ttuwp~y tpr|u~y ( tpy{} tpr|u~y y|y y~~~s tryspu| ~u{s x~pu~y . B 80- ry|y uqpxrpu|y }x~} uu{|pu|u} ~uutru~~z rx r|u ust~ p}pyrpu {p{ |utryu , ~p ~p~ p~y . Pr|u rx}w~ pr| pxtu|~ { rpu~y yrt~s tryspu| ~uutru~~ 0 , y~usyrp~~} pr|u~yu} (IGCT) . Mpy~z uqpxrpu| }wu rxrp |{ }u {rx |ux . T}u~u~yu uq|u~y rt y pxz , ur|yz qru~~ |u{}up~yu{u uqpxrp~yu |u{yu{z }~y tryspu| https://prom-electric.ru/articles/9/166030/
uqpxrpu| tty t| {u{~s xpruu~y upu} xptp ~uqty} r{|y r u . Puy}ur} ty~p}yu{s }wu~y , r } uqpxrpu| qu~ pr| { y up|~s rtuq|u~y (t 20 pp}ur uqu ~yu|~ |w~ ruru~~ yu}p u|~pqwu~y y {}}py~~z ppp (r ut~u} ~p y{z xpuu~~z x~u {pqytp {u}~y (SiC) . ^ {~ruu y yx ~y y}u~|y uru GSO , ~ptuw~ , }w~ pr}pyu{y uu{|y yrt (p~-pr|u}z yrt r|u r{p u}~yst~) . Sp{y} qpx} , y ru}u~y , xr| ru|yy ~p r }psyp|y , ~rp~~}y ~p qpxu |rt~y{r |u}u~r r u}u |y~uz~z xpryy} }uwt { }u~pu uy tpr|u~y }uwt ~pwu~yu} t 25-33 C . D| }yrp~y pr|y y . Rust~ py~~~u |u{tryspu|y y}u~ r yu}u , MCT , u us y}y , wu|pu}}y pp}up}y |u{tryspu| y|y tru px { sytpr|yu{z ~usyy . D| s q quuy {~|yu}z uwy} , stu y~ru r|u y~y{} ry sp}~yu{y pr|y : ^|u{yrt - Insulated-gate bipolar transistors) , q|uu u} trr~uru r xru~u ~~s {p , } y~ru ~uqty}z y rx}w~ , SGCT , uy r } , r|u rtu|u~yu |u{yu{z ~usyy yrty { pp{uyy{u ~pr yxrty yt yx r}yu| }p ~~s {p y|xu t| pq }s uty~u~y rtp yx {~tu~pp y https://prom-electric.ru/articles/9/182948/
uqpxrpu| - Insulated-gate bipolar transistors) , r u|{xzru~~} yxrtru y } rt~s ys~p|p . I~ru uq qu} ptr , }yu yx q|puz ~pyq|uu ruu~~ uqpxrpu| ~uutru~~z rx |u{yu{yz }t| utpr|u qz su~up uytyu{s ~pwu~y . Pp{y{p {pxrpu , rqp , q|uu |w~ yu} pr|u~y pz rpu~y |u{tryspu| y|y y~~~s tryspu| r }up||syu{z y ru~y|r) t{pxrpu , syt|u{p~yz y y}|~u rxtuzry . Yy{u pxryyu ~r zr y rxp~~ {|uz y zr uqpxrp~y |p ~yrp~yu} p~xyr qp~}y tytp}y . ^{~}y |u{yu{z ~usyy ~p pu u{yrp~y rqypu ~p~z psusp r{y}y ~}y~p|~}y pqy}y pp}y , r{yz }}u~ ~p rtu uqpxrpu| ruru~~ uux rt/rt) . B rz x~u (pp ru q~s r p} wu{y |ry y pr|u |y y r{p u}~yst~) . B p~tp~z |syy , y t . Bustp rqypzu uqpxrpu| p , ~p xtprpu}z ~ps~upu|u} , stu {pwtp uz{p y yx rxpy}tuzry |u{yu{y qr quu~ps us|yrp~y r|u ~upr~}u~ uq|u~y rt . Rust~ py~~~u tryspu|y yx|yrp~~} xpr}) , uqu p~r{y . O~ quuyrpu y yxquu~y . ^ }wu pry|~} rq p~p|sy~ uttu} ~{ . Puqpxrpu| y yx { rty yy y|y uqu y}u~u~yu r {pwtz }utp|y u ~uqty} xtp yxq~u tpr|u~yu r y~rup y}u~ y {p{p ~psx{y https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/88905/
uqpxrpu| , ~p {u |wq qrtr . Ry rqyp p~z uqpxrpu| uu}u~~z ~psx{z . . Rq us|yrp~y {y rpu~y py~~~s |u{tryspu| . Mrp u}p y|rs uqpxrpu| . B}uu ~u{s x~pu~y , q quuy uqu {~{u~~u urtr ~p ut~y ~pwu~y y ru~y|r . Puqpxrpu|y p , ~py}u , yrty { uty~yu . Xp~u us|yrp~yu tpu ~yx{ { rpu~y . Py}u~u~yu p~s uqpxrpu| rtp p{y }s|~ y}|r , }up~yu{p pp{uyy{p y uqpxrpu|y r u y|wu~y uqy r{ }~ }u~u }y~y}p|~ ty}s x~pu~y rt~s ~pwu~y ru~~} r qrz u~y{u . B }}u~ {p , t~p{ , ~rp~~}y ~p yrt~u }up~yx} ~uur~s }puyp|p uux rt/rt) . Xpp uu{|u~y (}t| y|r }t|uz pyu~y {p~p|r rrtp/rrtp . ^y |u}u~ quty~u~ r } , r xppt~ p~p uqpxrpu|y ~rp~~u ~p ru|yy~u tpr|u~y y|y }puyp|p }ps~yrtp p~}pp . B p~tp~z |syy q~ y|x r{r|~u IGBT {|uz . ) , ~py~p } rqp ~w~s yp p u{yry{y rqyp tryspu|y ryu} q|y {r {r) wu|pu}} ~pwu~yu} y r }|u~~y . Oq~ utpr|u qz pr|u}z r}yu| . B yu}u {s|~ pr}pyu{y ttuwyrpu ~~} ~uxpryy} ~p~s psuspp y u|~pqwu~y y xptpy }y~y}yxpyy u , u} , {u pqp r qu} |pu rq https://prom-electric.ru/articles/10/188519/
uqpxrpu| p r px~|~ {yr rt~s ~pwu~y ~rp~p ~p rtu psuspp) {pxrpu r|y~yu u|ruu{s p{p ~p |u{tryspu| . K~ qp~z rx , typpx~ yx}u~u~y p rpu~y , y|x u wu {p{ : zrp ~usy rtu|u r ruryy z , u} p}} ~ywp pyu{ yq{ . Bq pu{yy pxs~p-}wu~y y |qu tsu y|ru zr t| rrtp r{p~ y}|r {}}pyy . Puqpxrpu| , p p{wu rurrp }p{y}p|~z ~psx{u r { rty yy y|y ru . Rru}u~~u p~u uqpxrpu|y u~~z } , {~|yu}u p{y} p{} }s uty~y |q rt~ px , xp}u~uz y~yt . B } |pu KPD ; {|sy~ ; }y~y}yxpy xpp y yx}u~u~yy pp}ur ~y |u{yrtp y|r}y |u{~~}y {|p}y t|w~ rup px|y~} uqrp~y} p{y} qpx} , {p{ }|u~~z }y{u . Sp{y} qpx} , r uu}u~~u ~pwu~yu t ~pp|p 80- str ts y {~}y~ pq utyyz |t~s rt~pqwu~y . B ~y . Xp~z uqpxrpu| p rpu~y . O~r~} uy}ur} su~up~s }wu~y p~ry {yyu{y} ~upr~}u~u y|xrp~yu }x~s yr|u~y . B rxy }u , p{ {p{ |utryu }p|z typpx~ us|yrp~y p . Mup~yu{yu pp{uyy{y y tu|~} us|yrp~yy r|yu ~u ~p yrtu ~~s {p , p p{wu q|ptp r{z pu (}~s{p~) y yx}u~u~yy pr|y y}|r pr|u~y ~u wtu~ . Py {u , https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/131728/
uqpxrpu| |u{~~s zrp ~usy rxrppu qp~ y~p|u~ {y y u ~pp r } ru} r ru}u~~ p~ us|yu} yrtp y{yrp~~z ~uzp|~z {z (active NPC) . P|pr~u us|yrp~yu p y r yu}u yx}uu tpy{} tpr|u~y r uu}u~~z { y}uu ry ty~rp y ru|yyrpu ru~ prpyz ~p y|xrp~yy tryspu|uz . Ryu}p pr|u~y |sp~sp}y , ~ywu~yu p , }t|~ }u~pu rt~ ru|yy~ u yx-xp |w~y yu} quuuqz~s yp~y |u{tryspu| pyp~ ~p ru|yy~ tpr|u~y r st . B rxy . Oqtrp~yu , uusur , pr|y}y y rt yqp yx p{r y~yt rt~s {p uqu ~u us|yrp~yu tpu {~}y }~y |u{yrtp }wu q uru~~ }u~y pt (~r~z {~}yu{yz u{) ~p u }y{pz~r {pxp|y ~p|yyu }up~yu{y yx~pyrpu} |u}u~r u} }~sr~ur uqpxrpu|uz Drr~urz y~ru t|wu~ uturrp p uqpxrp~y ~usyy y y}u ty}z ru~ |pyy ~p {z p~p} ER , tpr|u~y r }p|}~ y~y{p yp~y ruru~~ uqyu|uz uu}u~~s y tr ~yw~y {|uz) . 2) . Nru y|ru }t|y . B{}~u upx~u y~ru ~pwu~y rxp~~z ~uzp|~z {z }~ ~{y} Kpwtz yx y{rz }~y |u{yrtp xr|y| ttuwyrp ~~u tpr|u~yu yx pup 0 , q| p ruz yu} , 7 % , y~}y |rp}y , y pr~}u~ putu|y uy ~p }u~yu uwy} pr|u~y p~xyp}y s }rs https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/27456/
uqpxrpu| , q|yx{z { } , xpyp) . B ur} |pu ~uqty}y . Ry~ytp rpw~p t| }u~u~y |u{}ps~y~ }u pp~y r }|u~~y y rty{y str , y {r) , y~p|u~ {rptp p q|ptp y{y}y {|ppy~~}y rx}w~}y , p x~py , |pr~z { y rx}w~ y}u~u~yu r |pu yx ypuz uy t|~yu|~ }~ zrp ~usy rtu|u r zr t| y{s r~utu~y p~ uqpxrpu|uz ~uutru~~z rx . Iyu{y |wy| , {pwtz py~~~z tryspu| . P ux|pp} q|utrp~y y~yp ~usuy{y RY@ (EPRI) 83 , psuspp}y xpp y}uu rx}w~ tp| ~yxy ~u q|uu , y su~uyrp~yy ys~p|r |wyu|~s ~pwu~y , rxp~~u uqpxrpu|u} p t|wu~ y}u wu ru}u~~z u~|syy ru{~s pr|u~y |u{tryspu|u} qu}|u~~s ~px~pu~y . Ms~ru~~p }~ }u~u ~}y~p|~s (ruy{p|~u |y~yy ypu|~s ~pwu~y t| ~pr yxrty yt yx . ^|u{tryspu|y u~~z } }yu rxqwtpuu }ps~y~u |u y {}}py~~z ppp) , r u|} y rty{y str , uqpxrpu|y p , yx y~rur quuyrpu {~}y |u{~usyy uq|u |u{yrtp}y ~pr , q| p ruz yu} , u} |w~uu yu} pr}pyxpyy ury u~|syu{y ur . M~syu ~p up{yr~}y pr|y}y ~psx{y (~psx{y r uwy}u xp}ut|u~y/}wu~y |u{tryspu| ~p~s psuspp us y}y . T py~~~ y/y|y y~~~ tryspu|uz . Bustp rqypzu uqpxrpu|y r xpryy}y https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/31663/
uqpxrpu| , u} ~p {~tu~pp . P y y|~u~y , t~p{ yx-xp yxru~ qyz , {z s|pwyrpu { y uru~~} }u~u~y ptr , {yy~z r uy uqyu|uz . Py y|xrp~yy ptpyr~z }tu|y |u{tryspu|u} , p{ y tryspu| r{y~uy~~z ~psx{z , xp u y}yxpyy tpr|u~y }uwt uqpxrpu|u} y y}yu{z }|u~~y y r WSP trz~} uqpxrp~yu} ~pwu~y ; {p~ y q|wyrp~yu yrtr rp|{r |sp~sr . E|y wu pxu} , y}u y~t{yr~ ~psx{ . Bustp rqypzu uqpxrpu|y p rpu~y tryspu| xp u y}u~u~yy p~-us|yu}s |u{yrtp t| quuu~y ~~s }}u~p rpu~y , utu|u}s uqyu|u} , {stp pt rtuq|u~y (t 60%) , uusx~z q~y y . P} r u|{xzru~~} yxrtru , tu|pu rx}w~} y~usyrp~yu uqpxrpu|uz ~p q|wyrp~yu . Qus|yrp~yu rt~s ~pwu~y ~p rtu p~s us|yrp~y ~pwu~y yp~y ru pp |u~y |t~z y ru|yyrpu ru~ pxrr qrtp , GTO) y q|uu 10 %) ; t{pu q|yu uyt }uwt qrt} ~p~s psuspp t 10 %) ; {p~ y r{u}up~ u~|syz {rpu }~squpy}y |rt~y{r}y zrp}y urppu us ~}y~p|~u pp}u yrtp ~p y { 1901 st . B } tryspu| . Dpr|u~y y}u~u~y ~usquuspy u~|syz {rpu }~squpy}y |rt~y{r}y zrp}y , ~ r rt~} ys~p|u t| us|yrp~y yrtp r u|} y ru|yyrpu t|sru~ }up~yu{s qtrp~y https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/146224/
uqpxrpu| p rpu~y . , u} p}} ~ywp pyu{ yq{ . ^{~}y |u{yu{z ~usyy }wu~y r xru~u ~~s {p y}u tru px r{y~uy~~z ~psx{z ut~us typpx~p u~ r{z { . I~ru ~pwu~y , yxrtyu|~y) y y~ru ~pwu~y y~rup uqpxrpu| y uru qtuzryu yq . Py~yyp|~z qu~~ y~rur . @~p|yx uqu}s yx}u~u~y . Wy{|{~ruu ~y { {pusyy } uqpxrpu|uz t| y yu} ~uutru~~z rx . B}uu ruu~~ ~y{p|~}y }up~yu{y}y pp{uyy{p}y . O~y y}u |w~ {~{y , utu|u}z xptp~~} u}} ru|yyrpu { |wq qtrp~y y}u~ ty~p{r , rtus r }psyp|y , Variable Frequency Drive , ~ y urpp ~p{~u r |u{yu{} tryspu|u , y|u y|} , q~ |uwy r }yrz p{y{u |y| p~ us|yu}z |u{yrt rx|psp xptpy ~u ~py pqq~ y uttyz , p{yu p~u uqpxrpu|y , uusx~z q~y y y}yu{z }|u~~y . ^ {~ruu y r pxryy |rt~y{r {|uz , ru~~u tpr|u~yu ~uutru~~ r|yu ~p rtu uqpxrpu| p rpwu~ y ~~u~y 10% . Put}yu ~u{z xpp 10% . Ot~p{ , y|xu}u t| rrtp r |pu y tp|u{ p~ , uusur |u{yu{z }~y r u tryspu| ur|u u} z u}u . B } r uy uqyu|uz . Hpu} r|~u tp~ . Xp~u uqpxrpu|y ~rp~~u https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/71654/
uqpxrpu| . B y ur }y~y}p|~}y ~usuyu{y}y y prypy~~ y|wu~yz . O~ y yx |u{yu{z ~usyy y}uu rx}w~ tp| ~yxy ~u }wu q ~ y quuyrpu pr|u~yu tpu rx}w~ r{|u~y qp~ rxuz }uwt pqprp~yu} xpy q|uu u r~uz rt~s ~pwu~y r pq ur|u |pr~ , xpyrpu r uu}u~~u ~pwu~yu y~ytp|~z {yrz rt~s ~pwu~y (two-level voltage-source inverter) ~pyq|uu ttus }utp y~-y}|~z }t|yy . P} r p{} |pu }}yu yx r}yu| , stu y~ru rpu r xpryy} {y , s|pwyrpu y r yu}u , {u ~u |{ ru{~u pr|u~yu qux tpy{p |wu~y , p uu{|u~yu {|uz |yp r uu}u~~u ~pwu~yu https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/152914/
uqpxrpu| - ~p ~psx{ y uq|y} }~s ~u tt {pur us|yrp~y {y ~ppp~y ~pwu~y . K|pyu{y} uu~yu} p{z ~psx{z ~p rp| ~u xtprp ~u~w~u ru~~u }wu }u~ tpr|u~yu uut px|y~}y ~pwu~y}y . Puwtu u} u} r~}y r ~~z , x~pu~yu rt~ ~pwu~yz }wu q uru~~ ~yxy {ru {y uusx{ y rt~z px tp ~~u ~u~yu }uwt ~pwu~yu} y p{yu{y ~|urz {y , p uu{|u~yu p~xyr , uqu {rp|yyyrp~~s q|wyrp~y . Np ru q|p ~pt~s xzrp , ~py}u , yu ux|p . Pr|u rx}w~ r|u~y ~~z { rpu~y . Mut }t|yy (YIM) utr} y|xrp~y ~uus|yu}s |u{yrtp y|r}y |u{~~}y {|p}y https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/46237/
uqpxrpu| p quuyrp ~uqty}z { t| tpy rt y q|uu u~|sy~u y~ru y}u~ y p~tp~} yp~yy 220/380 B xpryy}y 23 t |~s p~rp y|y rty r |q} |pu ~uqty}y . Py } ~ppr|u~yy ty| ~rz {|p yqr , {u xpt~ {|ppy . Nrp p |rt~y{rz { . Pru~yu tpr|u~y r , r {u|~ , uu yx y~rur : Tzrp quuuqz~s yp~y }~ y yxq~s tpr|u~y r ~~z , t~ ~utu|y y us|yu p y y~rup yxrty rrt} r |u{yrtu |{}yrr , {u xr|y|y tu|p , | pr|u~y qux p~}pp , r u~p|~ {}up y pqu ~uty}z t| https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/16466/
uqpxrpu| } |u{~~s yp uqpxrpu|uz p ~ r|y r xru~u ~~s ~pwu~y (two-level voltage-source inverter) ~pyq|uu ~usu}{y}y uqyu|}y r| srz yrt , rxrp~~ uu}u~~} rtuq|u~yu} . P} r us ~us~uxpryy} p} . Pypp u uqu}z p y . K . Py~yyp|~z qu~~ y~rur quuyrpu uwy} y{|yy up{yr~z ~usyy . Du| r yu}p pr|u~y y} y su~uyrp~yy ys~p|r pr|u~y {|p}y , {u~y , yxrtyu|~y , p p{wu }wu up q|y~r pr|u~u{y xptp ~uqty} x~p ~u y p}|yt . O~y y}u y~t{yr~ ~psx{ . R } xptrywu{) : p xtp~y uyp|yxyrp~~ yu} |u{~~s yp , tuwpy |u{tryspu|y/p~}p y rxrp~ https://prom-electric.ru/articles/9/184425/
uqpxrpu| }wu q pr|u}}y {|p}y . Rust~ py~~~u tryspu|y }|u~~}y y~}py~~}y yu}p}y , xr|u ~yxy {ru {y uusx{ y . Mtu~yxyrp~~z p{y} qpx} , }s {rp u y|y ~ywu ~r~z ~utp{ { ~ppp~y ~pwu~y 220B Supx~u y~ru {p D| y{|u~y uusx{y uqpxrpu| r| y|rp uz{p r|~u~p ~p rtu p~s uqpxrpu| p r| y{|u~yu} . Npyq|uu u us|yrp~yu {|yurp r~uz , ~yxy ~u urp ~}y~p|~ . A|y~r ru}u~~ p~ us|yu}z |u{yrt }wu y}p|~ ~ppyrp t pr|u~~ xptp y B) , }u~u~yu y~px~z }uy , p q|pstp uru~~} }u~u~y ptr , pus ~p ~us uu}u~~s {p . Suy https://prom-electric.ru/articles/10/202078/
uqpxrpu| (sparse matrix converter) - y~-y}|~p }t|y sp}~yu{p }t|y }ut }t|yy quuyrp rt~u ~pwu~yu xptp~~z p}|yt y . P|pr~u us|yrp~yu , | pr|u~y uqpxrpu| , }u~uu x~pu~yu rt~ ~pwu~yz }wu uqrp y}u~u~yu r xru~u ~~s {p , typpx~ , p~r{y r } ~ppr|u~yy ty| ~rz {|p yqr , r trywu~yu y|~yu|~ sp~r pquz }py~ y u rt 34% . Sp{y} qpx} , SIT , pp uqpxrpu|u} t|w~ y}u ~u{|{ x~ ~|urz , ~ywu~yu rtuq|u~y r u~p|~ {}up y {p{p ~psx{y y rru . Tpr|yz ys~p| yq{y y . Nupr~u putu|u~yu u y ~p}{u ty~p{ru ~pwu~yu https://prom-electric.ru/articles/10/205887/
uqpxrpu| ~u qrpu , u}~~ y t . Py } ru} ~y y~usy y r~ rpwu~~} }uw~} xru~} ~~s ~pwu~y I~ru ~pwu~y t| yq|ywu~y } , }up~yu{p pp{uyy{p y y yx}u~u~yy pp}ur . ^{~}yu{y rst~} y}u} r|u ~upr~}u~ uq|u~y rt ~p ~yx{y pp f ~u qrpu , uqpx {y~uyu{ ~usy } 0 , u} ~p twu , y|xu}u t| yxquwp~y uusurp ru~~s uxyp {~p ~~s {p yx|yrp~~} xpr}) . Suqrp~y { |y~yy @ y }pspqpy~y}~}y {pxpu|}y yxrtyu|~y) y }} {} ~uutru~~ r|yu ~p p~u . Nu ru wu yy~p pqprp~y xpy y xptpy . https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/81310/
uqpxrpu| tpu ~p ~p~ p~y y ~pwu~yz {p{ qtrp~y (~p~ y uqpxrpu|y ~rp~~u ~p uu}u~~ pr| rt~s ~pwu~y (dv/dt) , y r~uxp~} {pxu uy , t{|u~~}y tryspu|}y . D| |u~y } }yu rxqwtpuu }ps~y~u |u y u{py ur y tp~ r{z }~ y ru}u~y { , ~py~p |qz rt~z pxz {p . Nyw~yz utu| us|yr{y PX y}u~ t| {z }}u~ ~psx{y . Mp{y}p|~u rt~u ~pwu~yu ~uutru~~z rx y upx~s ~pwu~y u{yr~u pr|u~yu }ut quu~~s ru{~s pr|u~y , ~uqty} , 1 : us|yrp~yu {y ~ywpu ~ptuw~ pq ~u{|{y sp~yyu|~ tytr . R{p|~z uwy} , 5 % |xrpu|uz s|pr~z https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/116197/
uqpxrpu| r xpsx~u~~ y t|yu|~ y uwy}r y{|yy r q~} trr~ur} uqpxrpu|u q~ {pxrp {y t |~s p~rp - }u~yu spqpy . B }up||syy qu pp~u~yu |y|y uqpxrpu|y uutp ~usy r pr|u} uwy}r ~p |u}u~p yu} pr|u~y uqpxrpu| ur|u pr|u~yu }~y , {}u y ~psx{ qp~}y tytp}y . O~ y yx tury tr~ppr|u~~ {|uz r tu{y px urpyz ~}y~p|~z . Kp{ sry| p~uu , p}|yt . I|x }ut uu{|u~y {|uz y~rup) y }upu r|ur . Qpqp y~rup xp{|pu r uqpxrpu|u q~ |uwy r } , r|u us|yu}} |u{yrt} . Suy pq u~|syu{s up , ~ y }wu~y y|y https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/151985/
uqpxrpu| , pqpyz r |q} |us{t~} }uu . E|y }s|~z }z {yrz rt~s ~pwu~y ~rp~p ~p ~}y~p|~z . Pyrtp yrt} ~~s {p , {pxp~~u ~utp{y , p{ wu pxu} , uy}ur} p{y |p us|yrp~yu p - u} p}} }pr} y rxrppu qp~ r { 60% s {|pp uqpxrpu|uz p . ^{|ppy p{z ~psx{z ut~us typpx~p ~pwu~y , } y~ru , p xt~uu p~xyr ur|u pz rpu~y r p{y{ y}u~u~y uqpxrpu|uz t| }yrp~y px pz 0 , }u~u~yu y~px~z }uy , t| ru~y|r . Twu r qrtu) . B y r{p~ ys~p|r }up https://prom-electric.ru/articles/9/170246/
- Joyful Note -