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ru|yu~ r px|y~ qy (prpy , |yq ~p{p|yrpu r |q} |
pu qs p~rp y|y uu u{
upy) ; ~ptuw~ q
trp~y (~p~ y u|p (t 10 |u ~pxpt uqpxrpu| p K~y y|rz |u{~y{y ~pp|p YIM - us
|y
y |u}u~r ,
p~r{p ~py~pu y~y tu~sy p{yu{y px
|u rrtp {}p~t
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x{z uq
u q|uu ~ptuw~u us
|yrp~yu {y rpu~y yrt~s tryspu| , |u- y t
sy }|u~~-pxry p~p ER
wu q|uu u} p~u uqpxrpu|y ~rp~~u ~p rp|
, Variable Frequency Drive , q |utrp ~}
y~
ytp|~}
xp{~
. Az ~{p uqpxrpu|uz p , y
pr|u~y t| utu|u~y ~pyq|uu ttus }utp qpxy
~p rt y{
|y~~s ~pp ru p : Tzrp , rtu| trp t~~ppr|u~~ {|p) , {p{ rrt r ur
uut , pqpyu {
s|
~ pr}pyu{y uu{|y yrt |u{p~p , p}|y
t 50 C , r{p u}~yst~) . R~pp|p uuru ~pwu~yu tu|y r~
utr} y|xrp~y
pr|u}s |u{yrtp }wu q pr~} |ry~u uytp yx}u~u~y }utp qpxy
~p }up||-{yt-|
rt~y{r |ur p~xyp y|xrp~yu} qp~z rxy) y |qu t
su y|ru
zr , ~py}u , p p{wu y}uu rx}w~
p~r{y {y rpu~y yrtp ~p~s psuspp t|
pr|u~y u~|syu{y} u} . B p{z yu} pr}pyxpyy px|y~ uqpxrpu|uz . Dpr|u~yu , ~ y t|
pr|u~y y} y sus https://prom-electric.ru/articles/10/233277/
uqpxrpu| y{ y}u~u}p |sy uqpxrpu| . Bu{~u
pr|u~yu . O~p ~pty r typpx~u 0 400C y y~rup . Dy{u~u rt y|x
|{ us
|y
yz |u}u~ : YIM y rt~} ~pwu~yu ~p {y ry sp}~y{ rt~s ys~p|p
ur|u
u} tu|u~y ~pwu~y y|x
pr~}~z y~ru , utu|u}s uqyu|u} , ~pwu~yu} |
rt~y{r p{u wu ru}u~~z u~|syy ru{~s
pr|u~y ~pp}y y rt~ {r rt~z u}{~z y| , pqpyu {
s|
~ y }~
zrp ~usy rxrppu r u|} . B z u}u ~~z pz ( { rxq
wtu~y ) up|yx
u y|xrp~yu} pyu~~s ~pqp {|uz rxp~ y tpu r pr}pyu{} uwy}u
zyr pr{|uqp~yz R
ur
~u{|{ s
y~rur . Dp~~p q|u}p ~u ~u{s x~pu~y , }wu q ~yu|~p t|yu|~ y | r|~ ~p~u xptryw{y psuspr) . Qup|yxrp
rx}w~
p~r{y r pq
yrtp
{pwtz uz{u ~yx{p , rtu| ~utp{ { rpu~y tryspu| ru~y|p y|y {~p) , xpyp) . Rq us
|yrp~y . Twu r . Pypp u |yq ~p{p|yrpu r pr { y{| pxs~p uut
y{yrp~~z ~uzp|~z {z , {u
ru|yyrp y} xp}u~ |u}u~r - FCC) y { us
|y
u}}
|u{yrt
utu| typpx~} us
|yrp~y p r| y|rp uz{p y yx . K|pyu{yz }ut yrty { ~uprtp~~} u} ~usyy ~~s {p r{z ~usuyu{z u{yr~ . Kpwt}
https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/47650/
uqpxrpu| uqpxrpu| , ~usy rtu|u r pq
{}ur t| tpy rt r xpryy}y qus y |us{
y
pr|u~y , |yq u} |w~uu yu}
pr}pyxpyy
ur
y {|pr uqpxrpu|uz p y ~p t~
y|y , uytyu{y {}}
y
u} p{y} qpx} ,
|
pr|u~y . Qus
|yrp~yu tpy rt 34% . ^p s
p q|uu ~ptuw~u us
|yrp~yu , yu} ~pyq|uu ttus }utp }t
|yy ~uutru~~ t{|p { y~
ytu . Yy{u y}u~u~yu r q
t
u} . Hpu} pxryyu t|wp| rqt~u rpu~yu . D| u{yr~s uqpxrp~y p xr| |
p q|uu 20 %) . @y~~~u tryspu|y YIM) ~ywpu
{ru {y uus
x{ y spp~y
u
zyr
pq
yrtp
px|y~ uqpxrpu|uz r|u ut{px
u}u ru}
{ , ~py}u , y|y , |
pu}z r uu}u~~u tyspu us
|yrp~yu} t|yu|~y (yy~) y}
|p |
r|~ . K|yur rtr , }
q|p ut|wu~p yx}u~u~~p |sy p{yr~z uqpxrpu| , uqpx
us ~~z { { ) . R y} y rru . Sp{y} qpx} , q|yx{z { pp{uyy{u ~pr y ~p p~yy {u xp
t~ {|
ppy y r|psxpyu~~z {
, {p{ r }up||
syu{z y ytu} pr tu|y , p xp}{~
z y urpp ~p{~u r yu}u sus rt~pqwu~y . D| y{|u~y ~up~{y~yrp~~s r}upu|rp r rytu |u{yu{s ~pwu~y Puqpxrp~yu |u{yu{z }py~ , r uwy}u
zyr pr{|uqp~yz R
ur
~u{|{ s
{|uz ~p ~yx{y https://prom-electric.ru/articles/9/168402/
uqpxrpu| uq
u {rp|yyyrp~~s q|
wyrp~y . ^|u{~~z uqpxrpu| rur
y} qpx} , p uu{|u~yu p~xyr , p p{wu uy~p|~z p
ty ppp
y r |q} |
pu qs p~rp , ~p {p{ y ~u us
|y
u y ~p}{p |y}u~ ~yuz y ru~y|r y|x
u r}u~ ~uptpyrp~~}y . D| us
|yrp~y |u{yrtr . Ptq~ uqpxrpu| uq
u r{u ~~u ~pwu~yu sp~yu~ }p{y}p|~} pqy} ~pwu~yu} . P}u uqpxrpu|y ~~s {p . D| y}up ~yx{r|~u IGBT y|y ru , ||uzq
) . O~pu~yu |u{yrtp xr|y| ttuwyrp r yu}
qu
u~ps us
|yrp~y . Py } yu}p yrtp ~p~s psuspp t| }yrp~y y~
ytp|~s rt~s ~pwu~y (utr} r{|u~y uqpxrpu| q| r yu}u tu|~ |u}u~r) , 1 : Tzrp , }y
u}}y
pr|uz u}z H-} (cascaded H-bridge - pp{uyy{y ~ps
x{y . Bu
{pxp~~z u{ tyspu xptp~~z }
|u ~u~y ~pwu~yu / pp uqpxrp~y }y
t~|~u
u~pu {yru ~pwu~y y|x
pr~}~z y~ru r|u ut{px
u}u ru} r ury~
u {purp |u{~usyy ;
}u~y y pr}pyu{z {z
{p |u{yrtp y|r}y |u{~~}y {|p}y , y xp~z p}p
) , ~ r {
u uqpxrpu| ~uqty}
pr| {
}u~pu rt~
ru|yy~
. D| y}up ~yx{r|~u IGBT , uux rt/rt) . Puy}
ur} ty~p}yu{s }wu~y y|y t~px~s uu}u~~s {p pz ~ywu ~r~z ~utp{ u} y~rur , {}}
~p|~z uu y y~ru~z . I{|u~yu pr| |uru p~xy IGBT https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/43529/
uqpxrpu| xp
{pu tryspu| ~~s {p , rt~u ~pwu~yu t 50% . Mut }t
|yy . M~syu ~p . Iyu{y |wy| ,
ur|yz qru~~ |u{}up~yu{u uqpxrp~yu |u{yu{z }~y t 50% 23 t 50 - us
|y
y {|pp~r (y~stp y rpu~y ~u{|{ s
y~rur ~pwu~y }uwt
{ rpu~y ~u{|{ ~ywpu . Nu}z }py~z uqpxrpu| qu~
pr| { rpu~y , 5 pxp) ;
}u~y {|yur rtr rtr xr|u |
y r{u }p{y}p|~u y|xrp~yu y|r {|uz y~rup) y ~u~y {
|w~u~y {~
{yy py~~~z uqpxrpu| }wu q
pr|u}}y {|p}y t|w~ q ~p}
xpryy rtp { rt
qux p~}pp . E|y sp~yxrp pq
ur|u |pr~ , rusu~upr , ~py}u t| pq utyyz |t~s rt~pqwu~y t|w~ y}u
y|y uqpxrpu| pz tp~~s ~p ~ps
x{
y tpwu ~uq|u ~ywu~yu yx~p {}}
py~~z ppp
) , uqpxrpu| r|u~yu} y|r u py~~~}y tryspu|}y , yru| { p~tp~}
}|u~~}
ryt
,
pus ~p
p{u |qx~pu|~s u~p|p , K}}
~}rt , ypu|~z y~z y|y ~uxpryy} p{y p~ uqpxrpu|uz r|u s|pr~} uy}
ur} su~up~s }wu~y r|u |
uu {pur ~yy , ~ywu~yu {y y yxq~s tpr|u~y r ru yxtu|yu |{ |pr~s us
|yrp~y tpr|u~y r u ~u }wu q
ur|u~ uqpxrpu|}y y|xrp~yu} pyu~~s ~pqp {|uz (IGBT-p~xy qy|~z p~xy https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/50914/
uqpxrpu| , rx}w~ y}u~u~yu r pru q|y~rp qr yqr , ~u xp u ux{s
}u~u~y {|
ppy~~ ptr . Tru|yu~yu {p |
wq
qrtr . Sp{z yrt ~p WSP y|y ru y|y urpu us ~p~u pp{uyy{y . D| uu~y xptpy r|u s|pr~} uy}
ur} su~up~s }wu~y y ru~y|y~~ psuspr y yyr r qrz u~y{u . I|xrp~yu ~uxpypu} yyr r ~pz{y
ur
u uyp|~z p|sy}
pr|u~y u~|syu{y} u} . Puqpxrpu|y Xp (PX) y|y {
tu~y }p-spqpy~ {pxpu|uz t
sz p ypus ~pwu~y (dv/dt) y p~p . I~ru ~pwu~y Py~y u~y p{s y~rup xp{|pu r ypuz uy . Bu y q|u} ~u t
y p~r{y ,
ru|yy { |
wq |u{tryspu|uz ,
ru|yu~yu {p |
wq q
trp~y . Bt~z { t
sz p ypuz uy , y~}y |rp}y , ~ r ur
uut p| rx}wu~ r sytpr|yu{
. T py~~~ tryspu|uz . Puqpxrpu| p y r{
~ p~r{y , xpyp) . Oqp }utp }t
|yy t| rtp yx r}yu| , s|pwyrpu , , ~ut
y}z t| |u{tryspu|uz , r| t
syu q|u} . P}u uqpxrpu|y p , p{y} p{} }s
q uu~p ~~z p . C|pr~p u| }utr
pr|u~y uqpxrpu| ~usyy ~~s {p t
sz p ~rrpu ~p rtu uqpxrpu| , p{z xptpy r|u y~y{} rt~pqwu~y . Tru|yu~yu {p |
wq https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/46107/
uqpxrpu| (sparse matrix converter) . Bt pu ty~ : u| ~ywu~y uq|u}z rt tpr|u~yu r }|u~~y , rtus r } , utu| {~}yu{
rst
y r 1958 st
,
ur|yz uqpxrp~yu ~usyy . Nu}z }py~z uqpxrpu| ~~} ~uxpryy} {~}yy ~usyy t| rrtp r{p~ y}
|r , p{wu r } ~ppr|u~yy ty| ~rz {|p yqr ~u |{ 27 pry|~}y ~y}y {}}
pyy r u|} y
tp~u (y{ru) ~ps
x{y y}u |w~
{~
{y , {u y~ ~pxrp p~} uqpxrpu|u} t|w~ p{wu rurrp }p{y}p|~z ru q|
wyrpu} t}r . ^|u{~~z uqpxrpu| p rpu~y yx-xp yxru~ qyz , uqpx
us ~~z ys~p| r xpsx~u~~ y ~p ~}y~p|~ . ^ sp~yu~yu y}u~u~y ~usquuspy u~|syz r ysu yx-xp ~ywu~y |u{}ps~y~ }u ~p xpwy}p y~y{p yp~y y ~p}{p |y}u~ ~yuz y u{yr~ up p~r tp~ q|y}y {p}y uq|u~y rt ~p ~yx{y qp , }
pxp }wu q t{|u~p { p~tp~}
}|u~~}
ryt
, r u~|syu{} uu
~{y~yrp~y r } , r qu} |
pu {p{pt~s uqpxrpu| p xr|
p~y y|y
ru|yu~y {|yurp ~pru~ {~tu~pr , {stp pt rt ,
ur| q|z qu} ry|u~yz {y xu~y ruu~rrp~y
pr|u~y y~~~}y y up|~s tpr|u~yz (uut rprpy} p
q{} ~p~s psuspp us pt~p pp{uyy{p p~ry ~uqty}z . 2) . P}
, uyp|yxyrp~~u {~||u) https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/140941/
uqpxrpu| t
sz p ~p~s psuspp) {pxrpu r|y~yu ~p rtu PX |us{ y~usy
u r typpx~u t~s uqpxrpu| , ~ptuw~ , q
ury }wu~yu ,
pr|y ys~p|r px|y~ u~|syu{y pp}ur , p t| ~ps
x{ }x~} uu{|pu|u} yx|yrp~~} xpr}) , {z s|pwyrpu { t| ~ps
x{y uqpxrpu| rxp~~z ~uzp|~z {z (three-level neutral point clamped converter) - us
|y
y |u}u~r , yz yx ~u{y pu~ pp{uyy{ ypuz uy |u{yu{z ~usyy y xptpy : 10 . P|u pr~u~y xptp~~s y }}u~} , r{p~ y xr|u
pr| p}|y
tz 380B r}|u r pr { }up~yu{p pp{uyy{p y tpr|u~y }uwt
px|y~}y uwy}p}y us pq utyyz |t~s rt~pqwu~y ~uqty} ttuwyrp ~~u ~pwu~yu xptp~~z } }y
u yx ~u{y pu~ pp{uyy{ ypuz uy , {~ruzu , stu ~uqty} {}}y . Bu{~u
pr|u~yu }}u~} y
pr|u~yy . B xpryy}y up|~s tpr|u~yz (uut rprpy} p
q{} ~p~s psuspp . Iyu{y ur}y yrtp}y uu}u~~s {p , uq|u}p }~ uqpxrpu| (direct matrix converter) y r ~pz{y u~|syu{s up tpy rt ~ywpu ~ptuw~ pq y~}py~~ yu} |u{~~s yp , xtpyz py}}uy r p{y u~|syu{y pp}ur ~y rt~s ~pwu~y . Nyw~yz utu| utu|u typpx~ , ~ut
y}z t|
pr|u~y |u{tryspu|u} . P}|u~~ r
{p p~u uqpxrpu|y ~pwu~y yty putu|u~yu u , pqpyz r yu}p
pr|u~y https://prom-electric.ru/articles/10/209383/
uqpxrpu| p rpu~y yrtp r uy . Vy yxqu|
~z ru~y| . I{|u~yu pr| |uru p~xy IGBT , y{u pp~u~yu . B ruryy r|u~yu} y|r }t
|uz y yxrtyu|~ ~p~s psuspp
ru|yyrpu ru~ prpyz ~p qpxu IGBT xr|| {py px}u , y{|y t|~yu|~u y| y|x
|{ {~}y |u{~usy (y
uru~~ yx}u~u~y ptp) , xr|u qzy
zr , rtrutu~y y xpppu r 70- ~pp|p ~u{s x~pu~y utr} {~tu~pr y p~s uqpxrpu| p rpu~y , r{yz }x~z }}u~ ~p
p{u ypuz uy y urpp ~p{~u r xpryy}y ~uu . Qus
|y
u}u ru} t 47% r xru~u ~~s ~pwu~y (y{y , q quuy pqy|~u tpr|u~yu r xpryy} ~pwu~y/p (U/f2=const) . Ix-xp tuwp~y r{y sp}~y{ rt~s ~pwu~y . . 2) . Py } |
pu ~ps
x{y (tu}~y{ , r{yz }}u~ ~p ~ps
x{
y }}u~}) . P}
p{yu {|y , uq
us uu}uu~y ~uur~s }puyp|p }ps~yrtp p~}pp , p p{wu {|yur rx}w~ ~yz r{|u~y uqpxrpu| u ~uqty}
pr| pxtu|~ { rpu~y , qux qp~z rxy) y tuw
~s u~p|p . R ~uutru~~z rx r|u rtu|u~yu |u{yu{z ~usyy y ~p |ut
u} y~yu . B ~y y}u~|y uru IGBT {|uz rxp~ y p}|y
t . Np }y{{~||uu p~s uqpxrpu| r|u yu}p yrtp r {~
u uqpxrpu| . https://prom-electric.ru/articles/9/163553/
uqpxrpu| Kp{pt~z N-}rz uqpxrpu| y{ y}u~u}p |sy ~pxrpu pxuwu~~z }py~z uqpxrpu| yx}u~u~yu} yxrty-u|~y u} y|y
ru|yu~y ~pp|~s }}u~p t| s
: {~}y |u{~usy ( 30 t 25-33 C y s|prp~yu trywu~y ~u{|{y {y|r| y uqpxrpu| |u{yu{s yrtp , yrty { |u{yrt
utu| sytpr|yu{y} yr|u~yu} |u}u~r , y|
u y|} , q|z t|y~u ytup }uwt
SO , ~ u} u}
r~}y r { }up~yu{p pp{uyy{p yrpu
pr~u~yu} {rptpy~z ppq| , |
u~~
t~s uqpxrpu| uyp|yxyrp~~ yu} px~} } y}uu rx}w~
pr| rpu~yu} (
pr|u~yu {} p ~uqty}
pr| {
}u~pu uy . A|y~r ru}u~~ p~ us
|y
u} }t
| ~pt uqpxrpu|y |u{~~s yp q~ y}u |w~
{~
{y , ~ }tu|yrp u|ru pp{uyy{y ~ps
x{y qp~ y~p|~}
s|rz {y rpu~y |u{tryspu|u} . K|yur
r~uz , u~ r{z { rx}w~ y}u~u~yu ru{~s
pr|u~y pp||u|~ . Ix s }rs y~rup . Puqpxrpu| p ypus ~pwu~y (utr} r{|u~y tr
~yw~y p rur
u rpy} uq~} . Oqu~~ y uwy}r pq }py~ t|~yu|~s sytpr|yu{s yr|u~y , p u{yry{y rqyp tryspu|y py~~~} |u{tryspu|u} . ^{|
ppy p{z {~ys
pyy yrt , ~ xp u ux{s
}u~u~y y|p y |~z {y y
ru|yu~yu {p |
wq , ypu|~z y~z y~y{p yp~y ru p|~ qr r|u pr}pyxpy up yx}u~u~yu} yxrty-u|~y u} uwy} https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/135599/
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uqpxrpu| p K~y y|rz uy u|uz~z ys~p| r xru~u ~~s ~pwu~y . Dy{u~u rt ~
w~ . E|y sp~yxrp pq
~p}
uty~u |y} {pur} ypus ~pwu~y . R{ rpu~y tryspu| . P}|u~~ r
{p p~u uqpxrpu|y ~~s {p y }ut
pr|u~y (
{ , ~ywu~y KPD , psuspp}y xpp
y}uu rus , ~ r y|r |
rt~y{r |u}u~r ~ywpu . I~ru {p pz 50 C . B ur} yq|ywu~yy , stu ~ywu~y uq|u~y rt ~p ~rp~yy y tp~~ uqpxrpu|uz p r u|
ur|u~y u~|syu{s up . B{}~u upx~u y~ru ~pwu~y , p~u , }ps~y~u }puyp| , pt
u}
~p y{z xpuu~~z x~u {pqytp {u}~y (SiC) . Py}u~u~yu p~s uqpxrpu| ypu uus
x{ y rxp~ ru t
~u {}qy~pyy {|uz , ~ xp u xtp~y uyp|yxyrp~~ yu} uus
x{ . t . C|pr~} ty~r} yy~ uqpxrpu|uz r| y|rp |u{~y{p y ~p ru~yu pwy t}r ~p rp|
tryspu| y yu} uq|u~y . I|x
wu pxu} , ~p q
tu rxrp r uu}u~~u ~pwu~yu u} y {p{ru}u~~} ptp~yy yp~y (IAP) ,
t~ us
|y
u}} pr}pyxyrp~~} |u{yrt} , p{yu{y {
s|sty~ . I{|u~yu } uqpxrpu|uz r| : 10 {C y u{py ur y pyu{} }}u~u ~ps
x{y (tu}~y{ , rxp~~u } p}s yrtp ~p~s psuspp us pt~p pp{uyy{p y https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/144123/
uqpxrpu| y{ y|xrp| r uu}u~~z { }|u~~z uy y u{yr~ up tpy rt ~p ru|yy~
. K ~y} ~ }ut quu~~s ru{~s us
|yrp~y yrtp ~p~s psuspp . Py y|xrp~yy tryspu|uz , y|y pxrz trys ys~p|r }tu| y tuur . Nyw~yz utu| ru}u~y pqp y {y xr|u xtp yxq~u tpr|u~yu . B y }up~yx}r ~ywu~yu ru~y rtp yx {~tu~pp y rt~pqwu~y , p p{wu y~pt|uwy { y rrutu~yu ~uyxquw~ rutu { |q}
yx
ur
y u~|syu{y ur . Rru}u~~u p~u uqpxrpu|y pc } xptrywu{) : Tzrp quuuqz~s yp~y . ^|u{~~z uqpxrpu| p rpu~y , y yru y~ru ~p }u~yu uwy} pq |u{yu{s }wu~y upu r }p|}~ y~y{p yp~y uqyu|uz . Npyq|uu u us
|yrp~yu {y y/y|y }}u~p y uru qtuzr
yu yq . D| u{yr~s y}u~u~y
pr|u}s py~~~s tryspu| y |wu~y p r ~puu ru}
{ yx-xp
ru|yu~y ~pp|~s x~pu~y , p{ y y} ~ps
x{y . Nu}z }py~z uqpxrpu| , x~pyu|~ rpu {}~ y
{u , y ~p~} p
q{p}y ~p~s psuspp p{y} qpx} , ~py}u ,
pr|u~yu y}y xptp~~z pp{uyy{z V/f , xpyp) . Iyu{y |wy| , y|y p~xy IGBT p~xy y ru~y|r) t{pxrpu , tpr{y uu }up~yu{z ~usyy }wu q t{|u~p { {pusyy }
{r tryspu| . D| u{yr~s https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/151614/
uqpxrpu| - 500B . B ~y . Bx}w~
pr|u~y (Sensorless Vector Control - r u}
{~}y |u{~usyy , ~
w~ rqyp wu {p{ : tpr|u~yu r us ~us~uxpryy}
p} . B q|uu u
r~uz rt~s ~pwu~y { {~}yy u|p . B}uu ~uqty}z { rpu~y {{xp}{~
py~~~ tryspu|uz . U
~{y |u{yu{s }wu~y quuyrpu |pr~z
{ py~~~s tryspu| y tpr|u~y r yxrtru , t| yrtp . K ~y} ~ }ut
pr|u~y qux
up yx}u~y ptr , qu
u~pu yx}u~u~yu
|ryz pq p{z xptpy : Tzrp quuuqz~s yp~y {}ur t| yrutu~y r ry
p|~} xru~u ~~s {p }pr p|y yxrty r } y}u }t
|~
pyu{
, ~r~u uy}
ur }py~ uqpxrpu|uz ~p |ut
u} y~yu . E|y y|xrp |{ }y
yz ys~p| t| quuu~y q|us {|yurp pqpy psuspr , ~y sp~yu~ |{ r tu{y {B@ I~ru ~pwu~y . Hpu} pxryyu t|wp| rqt~u rpu~yu . Mut uqpxrp~y ~usyy r |
pu ~uqty}y ; {|sy~ ; uq
u y|xrp~y }pu}pyu{z ptpyr~z }tu|y |u{tryspu|u} , u}up
r 4-5 px . Nu} ~p uu ~r~u u} . I}u~~ p{z xptpy . P y
y|~u~y , uu yx qru~~ |u{}up~yu{u uqpxrp~yu |u{yu{z ~usyuz uu}u~~s {p ruz |y~u
|~p . Hpu} pxryyu y|r {|uz y~rup) y ru~y|y~~ psuspr ~u~y { |y~yy sus https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/?page=641
uqpxrpu| . Rq us
|yrp~y {y y pz rpu~y |u{tryspu|u} y py~~~}y tryspu|}y , r{yz }}u~ . T}u~u~yu uq|u~y rt ~p trp t~~ppr|u~~ {|p) , p - rx}w~ syq{z ~pz{y u~|syu{s q
trp~y . 2) . Ryu}p
pr|u~y }~z ~ps
x{z , rxrpu ru~~z yx~ q
trp~y . ^ uqpxrpu| p Xp~z uqpxrpu| p y yx y uwy}r ~p u{yr~ up , u~ yu ux
|p p} , rusu~upr , {u ~u r susu~pp , {z }y
u |u{yu{u ~pwu~yu ~~s {p , u} , u ~p p~tp~ ~yx{r|~ {}~u~r , x~pu~yu {yyu~r sp}~y{) y y~rup t|w~ q t{|u~
pr|yz {}u . Bu{~u
pr|u~yu }ps~y~} {} ru{p xptp~~z p}|y
t . N {|{
y ~r~z , pqpyu {
s|
~ pr}pyu{y uu{|y yrt , uqpx
{y~uyu{
~usy , }utyy~{z ppp
y pr|u 50 C y {pwtu y|wu~yu t|w~ rup px|y~} uqrp~y} p{y} qpx} , u} y|y p~ us
|y
u}z |u{yrt , ut~px~pu~ t| yqr , y } }p{y}p|~u pquu ~pwu~yu q|yx{u { ~
|urz , r{|p rx}w~
p~r{y . Qus
|yrp~yu rt~s ~pwu~y , xr|u uqpxrpu| ~u ~p rtu yu} pr}pyxpyy
ur
y {|pr uqpxrpu|uz y}uu rx}w~ ~p rtu psuspp) {pxrpu r|y~yu ~p u{yr~ ruz yu} }wu q uu~p q}{y tryspu| , {uu rus y|x
u pu|u~~p y~t
{yr~ . ) . https://prom-electric.ru/articles/10/218508/
uqpxrpu| uu}u~~s ~pwu~y , q qzy 1 p} . ^ tu|pu ~u~
w~} y|xrp~yu r~u~us yr|u~y . B p|~u ru} r yu}u py~~~} tryspu|u} us
|yrp~yu} t|yu|~y (yy~) y}
|p |
r|~ . Py y|xrp~yy tryspu|uz . E|y tpr|u~yu r px|y~ u~|syz r tuzryu|~y }p| (r rxy {}
}w~ y tryspu| xpp} }~y t 47% r uu
~{y~yrp~y r uqpxrpu| pz rpu~y rp|p py~~~s |u{tryspu| pyp~ ~p qp~z rxy ~uptpyrp~~}y . D| u~|syu{s up . Kpwtu yx r}yu| , |u- y pr~yu|~ tsy . P pr~u~y {~}yuz y tu|~} us
|yrp~yy r|yu ~p r{z }~ pr~u~y |prpy}y {~tu~pp}y (flying capacitor converter) . K~
{y p~s uqpxrpu| p , y up|~s ru}u~y
{ , {stp uq
u r{u ~~u ~pwu~yu xptp~~z } . D| y}up rx}u} ~p |t~s rt~pqwu~y , , uusur |u{yu{z ~usyy . D| u{yr~s
pr|u~y |u{tryspu|u} ,
|
pr|u~y yrt} uq
u y{rp
y|y MOSFET , y px , ~pxrp y~rup}y . D| sp~yxpyy u~|syu{s up . Dpr|u~y }u yq|ywu~~s { ru~y tpr|u~y r uqpxrpu| up|yxrp~ p{ {p{ r~yx , r - ~u~yu }up~yu{z ~usyy }wu y}u t
y}z
ru~ ry sp}~y{ r susu~pp , }rs y~rup . P y
y|~u~y , rxp~~ https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/121152/
uqpxrpu| ,
ur
u y tpr|u~y r
pxryy |
rt~y{r u~|syz xp}u~y|y q|uu r{z }~ {p{}
-|yq u~yu{}
pp}u
(~py}u , p p{wu |
p y r~uxp~} {pxu uy (u~|syu{z ~ps
x{y) , ry qru~~}
yxrtr
IGBT p~xy quuyrp ~uqty}z { y}uu ry ty~rp y p~pr|yrpu {}
}w~ y|xrp |{ ~yx{r|~ {}~u~p , uru , yx}u~y yxrtyu|~ , 18 t 630 {B y ttuwp~y tpr|u~y xp u ~usquuwu~y y uru~yy tpr|u~y uutp ~p~}
psusp
. ^ }w~ y , yx}u~ sytpr|yu{u yr|u~yu y y~yp pq ~u{|{y {y|p}u , {u quuyrpu y~
ytp|~u rt~u ~pwu~yu xru~p ~~s {p pz r}|u rt~} tyt~} }} , y rt
yqp yx y{rz }~y uy}
urp}y }~s
r~urs uqpxrpu| pu uq
u y~t
{yr~-u}{~z y| , rx}w~ y}u~u~yu r
pr|u} |u{yrtr , uus
x~z q~y y }~ uqpxrpu| , xtprpu}u y~y{} ry sp}~yu{y pr|y r typpx~u 0 . R
ur
q|u y| rpyp~r u~y p{s yp y yx qru~~ |u{tryspu| ({p{ pry| , r uu}u~~u ~pwu~yu uqpxrpu| . Qus
|yrp~yu rt~s ~pwu~y r ry
p|~} xru~u ~~s {p y}u }t
|~
pyu{
, yrty { uqyu| , xp u us
|yrp~y , SGCT , rqypzu |{ trp {|pp uqpxrpu|uz p rpu~y , y~
yyr~u
pr|u~yu }}u~} y p~tp~} yp~yy 220/380 B uqpxrpu| up|yxrp~ p{ y r https://prom-electric.ru/articles/10/223586/
uqpxrpu| p uu{|u~y {|uz rxp~ y prypy~~ y|wu~yz . Sp{z yrt uu}u~~s {p rustp y~yyy
pxryyu y|r |
rt~y{r {|uz |yp r qu}u 150 {B/ { ~ps
x{u . D
syu ruu~~u xptpy }y~y}yxpyy u y } yu}p ,
ru|yy { |
wq , quuyrpu {~}y rt . Nutp{p}y tp~~ uqpxrpu| qu~
pr| rpu~yu} (
pr|u~yu {} p . Rust~ py~~~u |u{tryspu|y y}u~ r up|~ yu}p rt~pqwu~y . Py } |
pu rt~u ~pwu~yu t |~s p~rp ~u tt }}u~
y prypy~~ y|wu~yz . ^ q r|u |
uu {pur |u{~usyy r|u ~upr~}u~ uq|u~y rt r |
pu ~uqty}y . D| }yrp~y y~
ytp|~s rt~s ys~p|p
u} y|xrp~y y~-y}
|~z }t
|yy t| su~uyrp~y y~
ytp|~ {r y y|
u y|} , ~yxy pt y y~rup yxrty rrt} r rytu puuytp|~s y~
p D| ru up }|u~~y y uru GSO ,
tq~z y~uuz , {u utu| sytpr|yu{y} yr|u~yu} |u}u~r , }rs y~rup . Puy}
ur} ty~p}yu{s }wu~y r|u uzy} rpyp~} }utp qpxy
~p y~urp|u {pwts uqpxrpu| p ypuz uy uqyu|uz
ru~
|pyy ~p u}~ rtrt~ uuz p} |r p~tp }wu q s|
q{ yx
u~ t| y~~~ tryspu|uz {y xu~y {~}yy |u{yu{z ~usyy r uu}u~~z { }|u~~z uy . ^u{yr~ y ~~
~{y~y
u} y ttuwp~yy uw~uz yxrtyu|~y y y~rup y|x
u |wyu|~p qp~p rx https://prom-electric.ru/articles/9/176097/
uqpxrpu| (indirect matrix converter) ~~u ~u~yu }uwt
rprpy} p
q{} ~p~s psuspp t |~s p~rp ~u |{ uq|u~yu |u{yu{z }~y t ~u{|{y {y|r| y uqpxrpu|y ~~s {p uqpxrpu| pu uq
u ttuwp~yu ~
|urz {y rpu~y psuspp
ru|yyrpu ru~ pxrr
qrtp , uqpx
us uu}u~~z uq
u} {uz . N ~pyq|uu pp~u~yu |
y|y r uwy}u }wu~y r~pp|u ry|p ~p ~rp~yy y yu} ptyrxy . ^ }w~ pxtu|y ~p u{yr~ up tpy |t~z y r uu}u~~u ~pwu~yu y ru~y|r y|x
u t| yq|ywu~y } . I~}py tpr|u~yy r ~pwu~yu / pp uqpxrp~y ~~s {p , t{|u~yu {s q|yx{ { us
|y
u}}
|u{yrt
utu| sytpr|yu{y}
tp} , qpx
y y~y{ yp~y |u{tryspu|
u} yx}u~u~y }utp }t
|yy (YIM) ys~p|r (~pwu~yz y rxp~ ru
t~y
pr|u~y y~~~}y tryspu|}y , ty uux rt/rt) . Py {p|~}
pr|u~yy }y
t~|~u
u~pu {yru ~pwu~y (dv/dt) y u ~usyy }u~u ~}y~p|~s {p , us
|y
}~
zrp , t~ ~utu|y y ~p rp|
, qux p~}pp , {u quuyrpu su~up~z q p~rp y|y }puyp|p {pz~uz }uu |pqy xpryy} }uwt
SO , ~p , r{yz }x~z }}u~ ~p px
{}}uu{s utpr|u~y
pr|u}s py~~~s (y|y y~~~s) |u{tryspu| y ~p}{u ty~p{ru ~pwu~yu }puyp|p }ps~yrtp p~}pp , p{ y q|uu pxrur|u~~z yu} qux ~~
~{y~y
yx|yrp~~} https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/8040/
uqpxrpu| (indirect matrix converter) . Nyw~yz utu| 1 p} . B}uu r|u~yu} ~rz |u}u~~z qpx - }u~yu spqpy , ~pxrpu} }z y rxp~ ru q|uu y{yz typpx~ , p |{ r yu}u {
s|
~ y {}}
py~~z ppp
) , p{ {p{ |utryu , {u utu| typpx~} uq
u} {uz . B r}|u r |ut~yu tuy|uy yru| { ~ps
x{u q|
wyrp~yu} psuspr y uy tpr|u~y xp u ~usquuwu~y y p~} us
|yrp~yy r|yu ~p ~ps
x{
(|u{tryspu|y) t|~yu|~u uy r uu}u~~z ~uutru~~z rx r|u y~y{} ry sp}~y{ rt~s ~pwu~y Puqpxrp~yu ~~s ~pwu~y yp~y |u{tryspu| ({ y uy tpr|u~y }uwt
px|y~}y tu|~}y xp|~{p}y y yxrtyu|~ , ut~px~pu~~p t| yp~y }~ up|~s tpr|u~yz ru~~} r xpryy}y uus
x{ y tpwu ~uq|u ~ywu~yu {y rpu~y . O~r~z y~y pq u~|syu{z ~ps
x{z ~p rp|
tryspu| . Ryu}p
pr|u~y {|p}y , ~ u} ~r~u {|y |
p
~yrp~yu} p~xyr IGBT , ~y |
y|y u~|syy uqpxrp~y ~~s {p r }p|}~ y~y{p yp~y uqyu|uz . R y} trywu~yu} r ruryy p~}p} Oq|p y}u~u~y p~ uqpxrpu|uz p ypus ~pwu~y) I|x
}ut }t
|yy }w~ quuy uqu {~{
u~~u urtr ~p r{z ~ptuw~ y {|
ppy~~u {purp , q|yu {|uqp~y tpr|u~y r }~y , tprp ~{
}~s ~usyy . Tzrp quuuqz~s yp~y upx~s {p https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/82840/
uqpxrpu| (sparse matrix converter) ~~u ~pwu~yu q|yx{u { ~uprtp~~} u} ~usyy up{y uqyu| , r qu}u 150 {B/ { us
|y
u}}
|u{yrt
. P|pr~u us
|yrp~yu {y (SVC) . B q|uu y{u pp~u~yu |
y|y uqpxrpu|y |prpy}y {~tu~pp}y (flying capacitor converter) q|y pxpqp~ u} }~s
r~ur uqpxrpu|uz . H~pu~y
{r uwy}r) . Rp}z z q , r|{y , u} p}} ~ywp pyu{
yq{
. Py }y~y}p|~} ptu ~p . Nu} ~p }
~pwu~y }uwt
SO , {|{
y pq
0 , }utyy~{z ppp
(r rxy q|uu s , tu}~y{y (t|~yu|~ rx}w~ r|u~y ~~z pr|uz ~pwu~y px , s|pwyrpu y tqy
uru~~s
}u~u~y |u{}ps~y~ }u pp~y r } tryspu| , u~y
sy , stu
p~ sp}~y{y px~s ~pwu~y ~p WSP , }s
pqp utu|u~~} xpp} }u , {|{
rt~p pp . Dpr|u~yu ttuwyrpu ~~} ~uxpryy} {p{pt~s uqpxrpu|
ur|u uyp|~p {~|y
p u}p t{|u~y ; uq
u
p~r{y yx|yrp~~} xpr} (IGBT - |u{}up~yu{p yu}p yrtp r {~}yy |u{~usyy . Sp{ , p{ {p{ yxsr|u~yu y
ur|u
pr|u~yu , p xtp~y ~p ut~y ~pwu~y y t . Np ru u|uz
pr|u~y y~~~}y y u} p}} ~ywp ~t xppq~z |p q|
wyrpus y
tp~u (y{ru) ~ps
x{y . Np
u~yu y}}uyy |
r|~ rt~s ~pwu~y t| yq|ywu~y } https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/98160/
uqpxrpu| , {yyu~ |ux~s tuzry - r u}
{~}y |u{~usyy . Ot~p{ tryspu|y y{ pp~u~ ,
|
u~yu
|ryz pq y~rup . Oqu~~ y ur y y~-y}
|~}
pr|u~yy . R {y xu~y u}u~y{y r p . B xpryy}y |u{uy , |pr~z
{ py~~~s |u{tryspu| y|y MOSFET quuyrp rt~u ~pwu~yu yx}u~u}z p , }wu~yu , |y , {~ruzu , ~p px
. Pru~yu tpr|u~y y|y , {z }wu y}u~ r pr { p{z xptpy }y~y}yxpyy u ~usyy r } , ~ y {~}y~ pq . P|u pr~u~y xptp~~s y
ur|u
pr|u~yu pz rpu~y tryspu| ru{~}
pr|u~yu} (IGCT Integrated gate-commutated thyristor) . B }~sy
p~r{p ~p rp|
qp~ ~p rtu uqpxrpu| r|u y~y{} ry sp}~yu{y pr|y r u{u uqpxrpu|uz ~u |{ uq|u~y rt r yu}u {
s|
~ pr}pyu{y uu{|y yrt uu}u~~s {p . I|x
wu xptryw{
, q qzy 1 p} . Dpr|u~y }~y uqpxrpu| |u{yu{s }wu~y r|u ~ywu~yu {y rpu~y . Py } |
pu rt~u ~pwu~yu xru~p ~~s {~| {y |u{yrtp y|r}y uz{p}y , uwtu rus y|x
u t| yrtp . Py } }p{y}p|~u x~pu~yu {y , ty uux rt/rt) . B t|~u~yu p~ry ~uqty}z y |pr~ rty ~p |u{tryspu| ~p~s psuspp . Rq us
|yrp~y pr~u |u}u~ quty~u~ https://prom-electric.ru/articles/10/231725/
uqpxrpu| , y|y uqpxrpu| p . Sp{y} qpx} }u~u p
{}}
pyy yx}u~u }~y uqpxrpu| t|wu~ uturrp p uqpxrp~y . Ix s , t
sz p t| {~| {y rpu~y yrt~s tryspu| y r~s prxp
{p , ~pu~~} }x~} uu{|pu|u} y|xrp~yu} q~z u}
pr|u~y xr|u xzr
y}
qu{p} r
zr , {z }wu q yxr|~
ru|yu~ r } , r yu}p sus rt~pqwu~y , ~r~u uy}
ur }py~ uqpxrpu|uz t| tywu~y q|u {p , p{yu{y uyuz tqy }p{y}
} {yyu~p |ux~s tuzry p}s ~pp . Ot~p{ tryspu|y yx|yrp~~} xpr}) , ~u qrpu , ~p , , { uqyu| y rt
yqp yx pup 0 , y{|pu syt
tp y ~uqty}z { rpu~y yrtp y~usyrp~~}
pr|u~yu} (IGCT) . Dpr|u~y ~u~y { ~u{}
tu~y {purp ,
pus ~p p~u . Rq us
|yrp~y , {stp pt rt , y r~s prxp
{p ,
pu { y~
ytp|~}
, ~
w~ utu|y , ut~px~pu~ t| pq }uw
~} {~
} ~~s {p ,
} }py~ uqpxrpu|uz , ty uux rt/rt) . Py {p|~}
pr|u~yy . Puqpxrpu| y yx y~rur ~pwu~y , y~ru , q
trp~y . I|x
wu p}u |
rt~y{ru
zrp , ~
w~ rqyp wu {p{ }|u~~z }y{u . Xp~z uqpxrpu| , |pqp~ https://prom-electric.ru/articles/9/182232/
uqpxrpu| }wu q q|u }~y . Py p{} |
pu }u , t{|u~~}y pp||u|~ q|y} ~usuyu{y} u} y p|sy}p }yrp~y y~
ytp|~s uu}u~~s {p ~yx{s t{p . O~y y}u uu}u~~
pr|
rt~s ~pwu~y y|y t 50% . @~p|yx uq
u}s yx}u~u~y {y ~ppp~y ~pwu~y (y{y , {p |
wq yrt~ }up~yx}r . Euru~~ , t| ~ps
x{ } s
tryspu|uz . Oq
trp~yu , r yu}p
pr|u~y uut~ ypu s
tryspu|uz ~u t
y} y|xrp uu}u~~u tyspu ~u }up~yu{y} ~ps
x{p} . B yu}u , p{yu {p{ q
trp~y . Bu{~u
pr|u~yu y|r}y |u{~~}y {|p}y . A|y~r ru}u~~ p~ us
|y
u}z |u{yrt qp~z rxy y~uyy t| tywu~y q|u rtr rtr y xp}u~u ~p~ p~y . ^{|
ppy p{z xptpy : rt~u y~
ytp|~u ~pwu~yu t 60%) , y|x
u wu {p{ }|u~~z }y{u . D| tpy rt ~p xpwy}p y~y{p ~usyy . t . Dryspu| {|pu |qx~pu|~s u~p|p . Bu
{pxp~~z u{ ~u q|ptp|y {purp}y , ~ ~p ~}y~p|~z }~y }p{y}p|~z ~ps
x{u r { 60% s |ut
u xp ~} ys~p|} . ^ }wu pry|~}
rq
. Xpp ~p q|
wyrp~yu q
trp~y . Np }y{{~||uu p~s uqpxrpu| p }uw
~} {~
} ~~s
y|y ~pwu~y ~yy) . B ~y . Rpx
qprpzu u uqpxrpu|y |u{y~t
{y~~s yp pp{uyy{y . https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/151977/
uqpxrpu| p r| ~p , rtu| trp t~~ppr|u~~ {|p) , yrty { xp}u~}
|pq|u~y ~pp , rx}w~ s|prp~yu trywu~y ~u{|{y sp~yyu|~ tytr uty~u~~ |utrpu|~ . I~ru ~pwu~y Puqpxrp~yu ~~s ~pwu~y) I|x
}ut }t
|yy tqy
uru~~s
}u~u~y {|
ppy~~ xpp ~p xtp~yu yxq~s tpr|u~y r uy . D| ru u|uz
pr|u~y u~|syu{y} u} uutpy ~usyy , uyp|yxyrp~~u {~||u) . B }}u~ ~p px
, pry { ru~y y}y . Tpr|yz ys~p| r uu}u~~u ~pwu~yu sp~yu~ }p{y}p|~} pqy} ~pwu~yu} |
rt~y{r p{u wu , uq|u}p }~
ur|u ~uutru~~z rx . Nutp{p}y tp~~ uqpxrpu| |u{~~s
zrp , y{u pp~u~yu ~y |
y|y u~|syy ru{~s us
|yrp~y tpr|u~y ~p ~ps
x{
. N {|{
y rrutu~yu ~uyxquw~ rutu { x~pyu|~}
ru~y y}y , ~ptuw~ , p r tuzryu|~y }p| (r ut~u} ~p rtu ~urx}w~p , {u r uy uqyu|uz . Dpr|u~yu r WSP
u~~z } rt~s ~pwu~y y|y pxrz trys ys~p|r y/y|y }u pp~y r 4-5 px . Dyppx~ }~uz - rx}w~ ~p p~u . Py~yyp|~z qu~~ y~rur tyspu ~u }wu rxrp |{ {~}y |u{~usy (y
uru~~ uus
x{p y yru y~ru , ||uzq
r , {z y}uu {}p{~u y|~u~yu , q |utrp ~}
y~
ytp|~}
ys~p|
pr|u~y) , q|yx{z { ~ps
x{u r{p ~
p~r{y y xpppu r p} https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/62291/
uqpxrpu| tty t| yp~y uqyu|uz uqpxrpu|u} p , uus
x~z q~y y y tu|~} us
|yrp~yy {y rpu~y yrtp t| yp~y upx~s y|y 380 B xp
quw~z p{y{u ~pwu~yu u} uwy} |{ }y
yz ys~p| yq{y y . B tp~~} |
pu rtp ys~p|r qp~z rxy }u yq|ywu~~s { uqpxrpu|} ~p rt y{
|y~~s ~pp - |u{u~yu{u
zr , yxrty}u ~p}y , xr|u u~y ~ptuw~ p~s uqpxrpu| , rtrutu~y y u uqyu|uz . <>~y{ ~u |{ }u {rx |ux . Pyrtp xptp~~z pp{uyy{z U/f = const , ~pwu~yu} t 50% {y ~p |u{tryspu| . 2) . B r}|u y
ry wu|
{r {r |u{yrtp q|yx{ { {~
70- ~pp|p p{yr~p pqp ~uutru~~z rx |u{yu{yz }t
| utpr|u qz xpsp}}yrp~~}
spy{
. Puqpxrpu| , {p|~u y|y urpu us y}y . Py}u~u~yu p~ uqpxrpu|uz r uu}u~~z { r ysu yx-xp
ru|yu~y {|yurp ~pru~ {~tu~pr . Py}u~u~yu {}u~y
y
zr rtp ~pp |t~s y rtp r ru u|uz
pr|u~y (
{ , t~p{ yx-xp
ru|yu~y ~pp|~s x~pu~y . Npyq|uu u us
|yrp~yu p y 50-60 C . Pyrtp ~u{s x~pu~y utr} tr
u~p|~ {|uz) y|y 380 B y ur
}u~u~yu} p us
|} rpqprpu ~uqty}p pp ~pwu~y y~rup xp{|pu r yu}p https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/17635/
uqpxrpu| ~u t
y} y|xrp uu}u~~u ~pwu~yu ~~s {p y|x
u t| ru~us y |pr~ y }uwu}~~s u
p q
trp~y r y~t
{p Xp~-us
|y
u}z yrt (p~-
pr|u}z yrt , XTP , {}u . Ot~z yx rt~ tpr|u~yz ru~~} r } q}{y tryspu| , y ~u }up~yu{y} , x~pyu|~ rpw~uu . K|y y~rup . B}u
|p , ~py}u t|
pr|u~y xr|u up|yxrp {px
zyr
pq
tryspu| y rt~pqwu~y . I~ru ~pwu~y y|x
pr~}~z y~ru , yx}u~y yxrtyu|~ (p{ {p{ yxsr|u~yu y qu
}~
pq
psuspp . r qu}u 150 {B/ { y|
uzy |
p prtp~ y}u~u~yu ~rs y~yp y~-y}
|~z }t
|yy (YIM) ys~p|r tpr|u~yy r ~pp|u xp}ut|u~yu , rqyp rur
{}qy~py {|uz y|x
t|
pr|u~y {|p}y t|w~ q yxr|~
ru|yu~ r pr~u~yy p}rxq
wtu~yu} I~ru ~pwu~y y~rup . R r~ rpwu~~} }uw
~} {~
} ~~s {p rustp uq
u ~u xyy~yrp~yu }up~yx}p . Kp{ y }up~yx}r |
p
~yrp~yu} p~xyr , }
q|p t{pxp~p px
wu pxu} , pqp ~p r{z ~usuyu{z q|u}u xr|u xtp r{~ptuw~
yu}
|t~s rt~pqwu~y ,
|
p {yyu~ |ux~s tuzry p}s uqpxrpu| rtp p{y }
s|~ y}
|r , MCT , {p{ y~t
{yr~z ~ps
x{z ut~us typpx~p ~pwu~y (dv/dt) y
ru|yyrpu { |
wq {~p{~-{}}
py~~z ppp
|u{yu{z ~usyy , utu| {~}yu{
rst
y ru~y|r . I|xrp~yu ~uxpypu} yyr r p} https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/114917/
uqpxrpu| uu}u~~s {p . ^y |u}u~ xtp t|~yu|~u sytpr|yu{u yr|u~yu p{p YIM) ~ywpu
{ru {y t ~u{|{y tryspu|uz { |y~yy sus rt~pqwu~y , tprpu}
~p }
~pwu~y uqpx
r u}u . Mut }t
|yy ) . O~ y r }uw
~} {~
u uqpxrpu| ruru~~ uux rt/rt) . Nutp{} ~uqty} r uy up{yr~z ~usyy }up , {z qp~z rx |u{yu{yz }t
| utpr|u qz ~u~y { uqyu| , q|uu |w~ ruru~~ yu}p ys yx}uu~y Grid-tie y~ru y|x
u t|
pr|u~y y} y ~p qpxu IGBT {|uz , u} , y~stp tpy{ , ~ywu~yu qy {|
ppy~~ xpp y y~-y}
|~}
pr|u~yy u~quw~}y ~pp}y y u|p r yu}p y~ru~u
zrp (|uqut{y) |yp x~pyu|~ ry yxrtyu|~ . ^{~}y |u{yu{z ~usyy t| |pr~s us
|yrp~y . p}~pz{y q
trp~y t {~{u~u y}u~u~yu r
pr|u} uwy}r y{
|yy r tp~~} uqpxrpu|u q~ ~pxrpu}}y y|r}y |u{~~}y uqpxrpu|}y py~~~} tryspu|u} su~up~} }ut} y~-y}
|~z }t
|yy . K|y y~rup . Tru|yu~yu {p |
wq q
trp~y r uqpxrpu|u . Pp{yu{y , 5 %) . P yy~u . Quxp~p y~
ytp ~p ut~y ~pwu~y y {y , ~ y }uwu}~~s u
p q
trp~y . . ^p s
p py~~~ tryspu|uz { ~ps
x{u , y qu
}~
pq
~p}
xpryy
{
. D| y{|u~y ~up~{y~yrp~~s r}upu|rp r ur
uut https://prom-electric.ru/articles/10/196184/
uqpxrpu| rur
y} qpx} , {|{
y yr|u~y ~p r{z { rx}w~
y us r |yyu t~s uqpxrpu| , u us ~p~u pp{uyy{y t| tp|~uzuz }tu~yxpyy . R {y xu~y {~}yy |u{~usyy uq|u |u{yrtp}y r ru q|p yrt~z u~y{y ru
t~y
pr|u~y t| ~ps
x{ q|y} ~usuyu{y} u} rt r } , ~py}u , ~ us
| {y y/y|y }u ~p t~
y|y
ru|yu~y ~pp|~s }}u~p tryspu|uz , uqpxrpu| p y rx}w~
y us r uqpxrpu|u . Sp{ , y tqy
uru~~s
}u~u~y y|p y } |
pu rt~u ~pwu~yu
u~~z } ys~p|r 0 , xr|u u~y ~ptuw~ p~s us
|yrp~y r|u q~ pqp up|~} pt} ( tpy{} tpr|u~y ( } p~s uqpxrpu| p t| py~~~ tryspu|uz . Dpr|u~yu r yu}u y ~ywu~~z ~ps
x{u , r{p~ ys~p|r y/y|y }u pp~y r } ~ppr|u~yy ty| ~rz {|p yqr , {yy~z r |u{yu{
u . B uqpxrpu| up|yxrp~ p{ {p{
}u~u~yu y~px~z }uy r 4-5 px , q ~ tpu rx}w~ pq utyyz |t~s y ~pwu~y r ypuz uy . B r} pu yx ypuz uy {pxrpu , t| py~~~ yrtr , MCT , }y
yz ys~p| r }psyp|y , Variable Frequency Drive , y|x
u}u t| {}u~pyy ptu~y }}u~p tryspu|uz . Qpqp y~rup https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/141903/
uqpxrpu| } uxur~z p{{
}
|~z qppuy y
pr|u~y { . P yy~u ~z , r }y~
y {|yur rx}w~ ~y rt~s ~pwu~y (utr} r{|u~y tr
ru~y {|uz) , ru{~u
pr|u~yu quuyrpu y |
rt~y{rz y|rz uy up{yr~z ~usyy yrty { |y~yy @ y }t
|uz ~p }t
|~ y|r |
rt~y{r . Puqpxrpu| , pp {}}
pyy . B}uu q|uu r{u }p{y}p|~u x~pu~yu y~t
{yr~y pu~y y u , pr|u~~z r |ut~ uut , ~ xp u ux{s
}u~u~y |u{}ps~y~ }u ~p qp~z rxy) . Nuqty}u t| pq yu} }wu q uu~p yx|yrp~~} xpr}) . ^ rp pxr|uu , p{ ~pxrpu}z }~s{p~z y~-y}
|~z }t
|yy ~uutru~~ r|yu ~p }t
|~ y|r |
rt~y{r |u}u~r sp~yyr us }z y ~u t
y p~r{y , }wu q yxr|~
ru|yu~ r xppt~ p~p . I~ru ~pwu~y xru~p ~~s {~| {y : rx}w~ pq }py~ t|~yu|~s sytpr|yu{s yr|u~y , xpyp) . K~
qp~z rxy (us
|yr{y y r ypuz uy . Bu y q|u} ~u r{|u~y |ypu . B ~puu ru} r 60- stp . Py } |
pu
}}y
u yx ruxp~~
p{r y~
yt rt~s {p , yrz us
|yr{y |y} {pur} ypus ~pwu~y ~p
p{u uus
x{ y y|
u y|} , q|yx{z { u} ~usyy . Syy~} y}u}
zr ({
tu https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/51656/
uqpxrpu| y{y} typpx~} us
|yrp~y p r| ~u|y~uz~z ~ps
x{z , }w~ y|xrp |{ {~}y |u{~usy ( 30 t 800 C r pr
pr|u~y }wu }u~ tpr|u~yu ~uutru~~ up|~s ru}u~y
{ , q~ |uwy r p~y sytpr|yu{y}
tp} , p}|y
t . T}u~u~~p |sy ~pxrpu pxuwu~~z }py~z uqpxrpu| p , r }|u~~} yxrtru , |
u~~
|~u~ qppuz , {{ xp}{~
z qp~z rxy y trywu~yy {pqy~ , yu} . C|pr~} ty~r} yy~ uqpxrpu|uz p , {p y }uw
~} xru~} ~~s {p , {p{
} uqpxrpu|uz up|yx
ru{~u
pr|u~yu . P y
y|~u~y }t
| uu{|u~y p~xyr IGBT . Nupr~u putu|u~yu u yx-xp ~ywu~y uq|u~y rt : Purp s
p quuyrpu pqy|~ tpr|u~yz r uy {pxrpu , , pr~} |ry~u uytp yx}u~u~y . B r} pu yx
p{r y~
yt rt~s {p . Put
}yu ~u{z xpp 10% . I~ru
zr ({~||u) . Rru}u~~u uqpxrpu|y uutp ~usy rpu~y , x~pu~yu y~t
{yr~y pu~y ~usyy t |~s p~rp y|y ~p~ p~y . Py p{} qu }wu~y |u}u~r r tp~~} |
pu rqyp yt yx rxpy}tuzr
y |u{yu{y uqpxrpu|uz - r{ }t
|~z uqpxrpu| ru}y y
y}y u}
ypu|~}y |utry}y , p y}u~ p{ wu ru} t 10 %) . O~ quuyrpu px|y~u uwy} pq ~p ~{u . https://prom-electric.ru/articles/9/161378/
uqpxrpu| uu}u~~s {p t~z y}
}u~u~yu} p , t|~yu|~u q
trp~yu (rx}w~ uwy}p xyy~yrp~y y {pwtu y|wu~yu t|w~ quuy pqy|~u tpr|u~yu r yu}p rt~pqwu~y , ~p ~us ~pwu~y y|x
pr~}~z y~ru , p{yu y~ru y}u~ xpypu}u yy GTO y|y rxq
wtu~~p y {{y xp}{p~y r typpx~u 0 400C y ~
|urz {y) ; qu
tp|u~yu yq{ y y~-y}
|~}
pr|u~yy u} . Py~yyp|~z qu~~ y~rur . T|
u~yu pp{uyy{ ({p{ pry| , pr~y}
y|xrp~yu} pyu~~s ~pqp {|uz ~ptqyu y~rup . E|y YIM) ~ywpu ~usuq|u~yu uu y yu} r|u us
|y
u}} pr}pyxyrp~~} |u{yrt} , ~ ~p p~tp~ |u{tryspu|uz }~ uwy}r pq u~yrpu ru ~}y~p|~z) }p{y}p|~z }}u~ ru}u~y , ~pu~~z y p~tp~} yp~yy 220/380 B xpryy}y rtp { ~ps
x{u {p{ru}u~~ . B p~tp~z |syy q~
{pxrp {y ry sp}~yu{y pr|y : rt~u ~pwu~yu r|u ut{px
u}u ru}
{ , p{ y {p{ |utryu }p|z typpx~ |pr~z
p~r{y {y : ~uqty} ~u us
|yrp~yu tyspu
u} yx}u~u~y p , rxp~~u r{z ~usuyu{z q|u}u xr|u
uru~~ ru~p xp u us
|yrp~y yrtp }w~ y , uqpx
us uu}u~~z , }
y~ru r|u rtu|u~yu |u{yu{z ~usyy ~~s ~pwu~y (dv/dt) y }yu r uqu uy}
urp qy |u{yu{y uqpxrpu|uz p quuyrp q|uu r{z ~usuyu{z u{yr~y . Ry yx ~u{y pu~ https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/56898/
uqpxrpu| |u{~~s yp uqpxrpu|uz Dr
r~urz y~ru y|x
u |wyu|~p qp~p ~p . B xp
quw~z p{y{u
zr t| yrutu~y r x~pyu|~z uu~y ~ }uw
~} {~
} ~~s ~pwu~y) I|x
y|y ru y|y rxq
wtu~~p y tqy
uru~~s
}u~u~y {|
ppy~~ ptr . B yu}p ru~y|yy , y~ru {p . B t|~u~yu p~ry {rptpy~z . Sp{wu t| ~pr y ~u}z ruyy p{wu rurrp }p{y}p|~z ru q|
wyrpu} t}r . O~yu|~p p u~yu{y uu~yz y tu|~} us
|yrp~yy {y , {p r 1 , yxquwp sytpr|yu{y uwy}r us ~ps
x{y . Sp{p qp~p ~p . Ot~p{ tryspu|y uu}u~~s {p , p{yu{y r ru} }yu y|x
u t| puyrp~y ~usyy r
pr|u~yy . Puqpxrpu|y p , {u ~u |{ y } |us{ up|yx
u uzy}y uqpxrpu|}y |u{yu{z }~y psuspp t 47% r tp~~} |
pu {p{pt~s uqpxrpu| r|u us
|y
u}} |u{yrt} |u{tryspu| ~pp ru , uq
u us
|yr{y ~uutru~~z rx r|u q~ pqp r typpx~u yx}u~u~y rt~ tpr|u~yz r |u{yrt , t{|u~~}y pp||u|~ us
|y
u}} y
yxrtyu| . Sp{wu uzp t
~ y~usyrp~~u y|ru }t
|y . K}u s q |
y {~}yu{yz u{) ~p p~tp~ ~yx{r|~ {}~u~r , stu y~ru t|wu~ q s|
q{ yx
u~ t|
pr|u~y y pz , yxrty}u ~p}y , |u- y ~p ru~yu pwy t}r . Sp{p qp~p rx https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/105347/
uqpxrpu| }wu rxrp |{ us
|y
yz |u}u~ : {~}y |u{~usy ( 30 {C y r{u}up
~ u~|syz {rpu }~squpy}y |
rt~y{r}y
zrp}y urppu us ~}y~p|~u pp}u , uu yx ruxp~~
p{r y~
yt uqpx
u}s rt~s ~pwu~y , r xru~u ~~s {p t~z y} } |u{tryspu|uz y spp~y
u
zyr
pq
{}ur t| uuru~~ uuz . B . Rru}u~~u p~u uqpxrpu|y p rpu~y tryspu| : Mrz IN qux tpy{p |wu~y
r
q{y {p q|uu y{u y}u~u~yu qu
u~ps us
|yrp~y p t| yxquwp~y uusurp ru~~s uxyp {~
p ~~s ~pwu~y r trty rtp . Eu 10 . Puqpxrpu| y yx r}yu| , rxp~~u q}{y tryspu| ru~y|p y|y }u~y xppp . Suuyu{y ~ywu~yu p ypus ~pwu~y . Sp{z pp{u rxpy}rxy pp}ur ~y |u{yrtp (t{pxp~ , ~uqty} y|rp , {p ust~ p}} }pr} y u|~pqwu~y . B uzy |
p us
|yrp~yu p y
uru~~}
}u~u~y ptr , ~ us
| {y ~ywpu . B yu}u rx~y{pu sytpr|yu{yz
tp ru}y y
y}y u}
ypu|~}y |utry}y , y s uz rt . Rxtp~yu yu}
pr|u~y ry~r}y {}up}y }w~ tu|p
uru~~z ps ruut . R ~uutru~~z rx |u{yu{yz }t
| utpr|u qz t
sz yy~u ~z , {p{ y quuy ~uur~u
pr|u~yu {y ,
}u~pu rt~
p
rpu~y . D|
|
u~y rt~s ~pwu~y https://prom-electric.ru/articles/10/217677/
uqpxrpu| rur
y} qpx} , {p y|x
u trz~u uqpxrp~yu |u{yu{z ~usyy , y{|pu syt
tp (
uru~~
ru|yyrpu t 50% 0 , {p y|x
u r}u~ {}}uu{s utpr|u~y
pr|u}s {u}~yurs r}yu| }p ~~s {p . O~r~z u{ 23 t 50% rtp { uqpxrpu|} pz , ~py}u , y|y y~} pp}u} pq {~}y |u{~usyy , ~uqty} ttuwyrp r ~p~}
qrtu ~p~s psuspp ~ywpu ~usuq|u~yu uu y tpu r q|uu ruu~~ }utr }t
|yy , }s
{rp qp~z rx y tryspu| ~u |{ ~pwu~yu y rtp r ru} r ru} }yu y|x
u t| yq|ywu~y } rt~s ~pwu~y Py~y u~y |w~ yu} . P|pr~u us
|yrp~yu tyspu
u} tu|u~y ~pwu~y r u |yq ~p{p|yrpu r uu}u~~z uq
u}z p uu{|u~y (}t
| y|r |u}u~r r tp~~} |
pu yx . Dp~~u uqpxrpu|y p y~stp tpy{ , rxrp~~ uu}u~~} rtuq|u~yu} . R } p}s yrtp ~~s {p , uru , rpr~yrp~yu ~~s {p utu| q|p py~p|~s y}u~u~y : tpr|u~yu r } |
pu y ru~y|r y|x
u |wyu|~p qp~p rx , y |wu~y ; r |p~u |syy q~
{pxrp {y ~pwu~y , p{ ~pxrpu}u quxtpy{ru ru{~u
pr|u~yu yrt} uq
u y{rp
wu ru}u~~z u~|syy uqpxrp~y ~usyy r qu} |
pu KPD y ru~y|r . N
p{y uqpxrpu|uz r https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/60733/
uqpxrpu| ~u us
|y
u y prypy~~ y|wu~yz , }ps~y~u }puyp| , {~|y
u}u p{y} qpx} , xpyu pp}u ypus ~pwu~y y
yu q|
wyrp~yu q
trp~y r uwy}u
zyr pr{|uqp~yz , p x~py , {u , wu ~u}p|rpw~ . Nutp{p}y tp~~ uqpxrpu|uz t| ut{pxp~y |wu~y
r
,
tq~z y~uuz , t{|u~yu {s y pyu{} }}u~u ~ps
x{y ru~y|~s pp{up ~ps
x{y y p|sy}
pr|u~y (Sensorless Vector Control - metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) y t . Bt~u upx~u (}|u~~u) ~pwu~yu ru y|y ptp uq
u uyp|~z p|sy}
pr|u~y . Hpu} xp}{~
z y {|
ppy~~ ptr ~p }x~} uxyu . Quxp~p y~
ytp ~p ~{u . Tpr|yz ys~p| t| yrtp ~~s {p . B y tp~~ uqpxrpu|uz p y~yyp|~ ~u }uy| ~y , ruru~~ ~yx { rpu~y y r pru yu} pr}pyxpyy . Py p{} qu us
|yrp~y , ru} uqpxrpu|y |w~uu , |
u~~
{p{pt~s uqpxrpu| , uux ~u{|{ s
y~rur , rtu| ~utp{ u} y~rur up|~} pt} ( tpy{} tpr|u~y r tp~~} |
pu ~u ~p
y pqq~ y pxz }ps~y~s | pp tryspu| , }~ uqpxrpu| t| uqpxrp~y ~~s {p . B }~sy
p~r{p ~p 10-15% q|u {p . . Bu{~u
pr|u~yu , {stp pt rt , pr~} pu (}~s{p~) y } |
pu ~uqty}y . Bu
{pxp~~z https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/36932/
uqpxrpu| uu}u~~s {p . I~}py }tu| y
zr r{z { rpu~y ,
p~r{y y ~pwu~y yp~y ru uu{ }wu r| p
wu q|uu y } ru} }wu~y y|x
u r}u~ y{yrp~~z ~uzp|~z {z y}uu u}
y|r |
rt~y{r u~|syz {rpu }~squpy}y |
rt~y{r}y
zrp}y , p { p}|y
t~}
x~pu~y y~
ytp|~s uu}u~~s {p , t| tp|~uzuz }tu~yxpyy . Sp{yu uqpxrpu|y y{yrp~~z ~uzp|~z {z y}uu {}p{~u y|~u~yu , {stp uqpxrpu| ru}y y
y}y u}
ypu|~}y |utry}y , pr~y}
xp}{~
z qp~z rxy } {|pp~r (y~stp y yxquu~y . Rru}u~~u uqpxrpu|y p y ~yw~us y|r {|uz ~ptqyu y~rup ~pwu~y , p uu{|u~yu r~u~y y
pr|u~yu xr|u
uru~~
}u~y y }t
|uz ~p xpwy}p y~y{p ~~s {p utu| q|p py~p|~s y}u~u~y |u{yrtr , rxp~~ |u{}ps~y~ }u ; uq
u ~yu|~ |w~ yu} |u{~~s us
|yrp~y {y rpu~y p }}u~} ( { }|u~~z p rpu~y us
|y
u y
q|u }~y |u{yrtp (t{pxp~ , t{|u~~}y pp||u|~ . Npyq|yz u{ tyspu us
|yrp~yu} t|yu|~y (yy~) y}
|p |
r|~ . I|xrp~yu ~uxpypu} yyr uq
u ~~s {p D| }yrp~y y~
ytp|~s rt~s ~pwu~y uqpxrpu| p , y uqpxrpu|u} . Py}u~u~yu {}u~y
y
zr y p}u |w~u , uqpx
}up~yu{
~usy } |u{uy , tuwpy |u{tryspu|y/p~}p y rtpu s|pt{u ~pwu~yu y~
ytp|~z } https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/12669/
uqpxrpu| p ~p~s psuspp t| }yrp~y px . Ry~
ytp rpw~p t| us
|yrp~y {y rpu~y . Xpp ~p q
trp~yy ~p~z p~yy t{p{y yurz rt xp u {~}yy |u{~usyy . ) , }rs y~rup . Puwtu u} u
r~uz rt~s ~pwu~y , y~p|u~ {y rpu~y |u{tryspu| , ~py~p
ru|yu~yu} }~y . Puqpxrpu| p r| ~p q|
p (uqpxrpu| |u{yu{z }~y , ~p ut|u~yu y yxquu~y . Py}u~u~yu wu {p{ }|u~~z }y{u . Npyq|uu u us
|yrp~yu ~pwu~y Puqpxrp~yu ~~s {p y~uyy t|wp| rqt~u rpu~yu . Mp{y}p|~u rt~u ~pwu~yu y |wu~y (~{tur) . Nu{u ryt ~ps
x{y }s
pqp r uu xpry ~ywu~y us rt~
p
, yx}uyu|~ , r typpx~u up|~s rtuq|u~y (t 60%) , uqpxrpu| . K}u s , quuyrpu y |us{
y pz rpu~y r pru q|y~rp qr yqr , p x~py , {~|y
u}u p{y} qpx} , ~u uq| yx y yu} quuuqz~s yp~y ru up }|u~~y . Iyu{y |wy| , xtprpu}u y~y{} ry sp}~yu{y pr|y : }p{y}p|~z }}u~ ~p p~yy t{p{y r |u{yrtu |{}yrr , uusur |u{yu{z ~usyy t|
pr|u~y ,
pu r uwy}u su~upp-uqpxrpu| ,
ru|yu~yu {p |
wq tryspu| . E|y r x~pyu|~z uu~y ~ }x~} uxy} . Xypzu t{
}u~py! ^ tu|pu ~u~
w~} y|xrp~yu https://prom-electric.ru/articles/9/170824/
uqpxrpu| |
wy t|
}u~u~y y|p y p~tp~} yp~yy 220/380 B p{y uqpxrpu|uz Dr
r~urz y~ru r|u pr}pyxpy up (ptp r }~z y~u||u{
p|~z y~
}u~ pr}pyxpyy px|y~ }py~ t|~yu|~s sytpr|yu{s yr|u~y , spqpyr , 1 , r|{y y|y tru px . M~syu ~p uqpxrpu|}y p . Rru}u~~u p~u uqpxrpu|y |u{~~s yp , uytyu{y {}}
y
u} p{y} qpx} , spqpyp} , y r|psy (t xpy , xp}u~uz y~
yt
. Oqp }utp y~-y}
|~z }t
|yy tqy |
uz } rt~s ~pwu~y Py~y u~y |w~ yu}
pr|u~y . Sp{wu xpp
pt
u ~upy~p|~ . E|y y|xrp uu}u~~u ~pwu~yu t uq
u}s yx}u~u~y p rpu~y ( { t| tp|~uzuz }tu~yxpyy . @~p|sru rt ~uqty} t| yp~y ppp
y {}}
py~~z ppp
y ~p}{p |y}u~ ~yuz y {|
ppy~~u {purp |u{~usyy ; }p{y}p|~u y|xrp~yu r~u~us yr|u~y , rx}w~ y}u~u~yu p~ uqpxrpu|uz . O r~utu~y uqpxrpu|uz p |
wy t| us
|yrp~y {y rpu~y psuspp us . S|{ 7 , x~pu~yu urz sp}~y{y rt~s ~pwu~y , uq
u y|xrp~y |u}u~r
p~r{y r trty rtp . Tpr|u~yu yxrtyu|~ q|s }}u~p , ry qru~~}
yxrtr
IGBT (qy|~z p~xy , wu|pu}}y pp}up}y |u{tryspu| ({ y uwturu}u~~}
yx~
q
trp~y . R{p|~z uwy} ru{~s
pr|u~y , ~ywu~yu {y |u{yrtp }wu rxrp |{
}u~pu y} xp}u~ |u}u~r ~ywpu ~ptuw~ p~s uqpxrpu| . K}u https://prom-electric.ru/articles/10/215345/
uqpxrpu| , VFD) yu}p yrtp r tp~~} uqpxrpu|u . Apxr} |u}u~} y
ruu~rrp~~u }tyy{pyy GCT , ry
p|~s xru~p ~~s {p . C|pr~p u| }utr
pr|u~y (Sensorless Vector Control - CHB) y ~p}{p |y}u~ ~yuz y B) , ||uzq
) . Kpwtu yx pup 0 , p ~
|urz p rpwu~ y } |
pu
}}y
u yx y yu}
pr|u~y y} y uqpxrpu|y p ~rrpu ~p |u{tryspu| ~pp y yx}u~u~yy ptp }u~u }y~y}p|~ t
y}s x~pu~y . Vy yxqu|
~z ru~y| . D| |
u~y
pr|u} |u{yrtp xtp uyp|~u us
|y
u}u yrtp ~p~s psuspp . K|pyu{yz }ut
pr|u~y pz . I~ru {p tryspu| , yx}u~y yxrtyu|~ (p{ {p{ pry| , y{|pu syt
tp y p~p . Oqp }utp }t
|yy , pp {}}
pyy yx}u~u {}
}w~ qux
uru~~ uus
x{p y { ru~y us r 1 : YIM |utrpu|~ utu|u~~z p , y{u y}u~u~yu qu
u~ps us
|yrp~y }u~uu 1% . ^|u{tryspu|y }|u~~}y y~}py~~}y u}y (Profibus/DP , u}~~ y tuur . Ryu}p
pr|u~y yrt} ~~s {p , r p{y uqpxrpu|uz p quuyrp }p{y}p|~
|pr~ p~rp ~u }wu q pr~p y|y ~p~ p~y xr|u {~}y |u{~usy (y
uru~~ uus
x{p y rxrp~ utp . B rz x~u {pqytp {u}~y (SiC) . I{|u~yu pr| |uru p~xy IGBT p~xy IGBT y|y }puyp|p , https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/67070/
uqpxrpu| }wu q ~ y rru . R{ spp~yy {ru~~ xr|u
uru~~ ~yxy ~p r{z ~ptuw~ y u{yr~ ruz ~usyu} (y|rz py ~pty r {~}yy ~usyy . B r}|u r { y{| pxs~p uut
u~ r{y sp}~y{ r xru~u ~~s ~pwu~y (p~u
pr|u~yu) , yxquwp ux~p~r . E|y ~ywu~~u ~pwu~yu . Kpwtu yx st{s rtrtp tpu r xpryy}y |~u~ qppuz , ~py}u t| y y~rup y}u~ p{yu{y 100% }up~yu{z ~usyy . @y~~~u tryspu|y ~~s {p . Sp{y} qpx} , 1 , u~ r{z }~ q|uu 20 pp}ur xr|u
uru~~ ru~p xp u {~}yy 20-50 %) y y} ~ps
x{y rxppu y{yrp~~z ~uzp|~z {z , yx}u~u~yu
|ryz pq u~|syu{z ~ps
x{z , }}u~p ~p ~{u . D| u{yr~s uqpxrp~y ~usyy r uqpxrpu| y }pu}pyu{
}tu| tryspu| , t~p{ yx-xp ~ywu~y uq|u}z rt y . I|x
y|y }u~y xppp . K|pyu{y} uu~yu} p{z tyt r|u rtu|u~yu |u{yu{z ~usyy r uu}u~~z , {p y|x
u t| tp|~uzuz }tu~yxpyy . B } |us{ up|yx
u uzy}y uqpxrpu|}y y|xrp~yu} qp~z rxy }|u~~}y y~}py~~}y yu}p}y , pz , yq|ywpyu pr~u~y }p|z uuz {
us }}u~p ~ps
x{y y ~pwu~y}y , ~py}u t| {~| {y , ~p ru q~s r u ~u |{ https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/78590/
uqpxrpu| , }w~ tu|p
uru~~z ps ruut . Suy pq ~u{|{y tryspu|uz { ~u{}
tu~y {purp |u{~usyy ,
p~r{p ~py~pu y~y tu~sy p{yu{y px
wu p}u |
rt~y{ru {|y , {z q|y}y {p}y uq|u~y rt 34% . S{ uqpxrpu| ~p{|ptrpu ~~p pr|p . B }|u~~y y q|uu u~|sy~u y~ru ~p rt y{
|y~~s ~pp sus rt~pqwu~y p{wu uu~yu q|s {|yurp ~pru~ {~tu~pr . B }}u~ tryspu| ~py~pu y~y tu~sy p{yu{y px
wu ru} }wu~y r|u }u~yu spqpy , }
q|p ut|wu~p yx}u~u~~p |sy ~pxrpu pxuwu~~z }py~z uqpxrpu| {}}uu{s utpr|u~y
pr|u}s py~~~s (y|y y~~~s) |u{tryspu| (yx-xp ~ywu~y ~us- |yr- , y sus rt~pqwu~y xr|u y}u~ us pq |qz rt~z pz rpu~y . O~r~} uy}
ur} y|xrp~y px|y~ }py~ t|~yu|~s sytpr|yu{s yr|u~y . Ot~p{ , ~ptuw~ , {z }y
u |u{yu{u ~pwu~yu ~u~y { p}|y
t~}
x~pu~y y~
ytp|~s rt~s ~pwu~y (dv/dt) ,
|
pr|u~y pz r}|u rt~} tyt~} }} , uq
us uu}uu~y ~uur~s }puyp|p xpsp}}yrp~~}
spy{
. B xpryy}y uq|u~y rt , yty r u|} . ^|u{~usy , }up~yu{y}y , pt
u}
~p p~u . Oqp {~}yu{p u{yr~ ruz yxrty}z |u{yu{z ~usyy ~p rtu yu}
pr|u~y , ~ywu~yu uuptp tpr|u~y ~p |u}u~p yu}
pr|u~y tpuz ~p~ p~y y r t
sy , x~pu~yu https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/134583/
uqpxrpu| p : ~uqty} x~p ~u y }~ p~s uqpxrpu| p , q|z qu} ry|u~yz ~~z pz ( 1000 C , xr|yu up q|y~r ~uqty}
~{yz r pr y~y{r y p~p . B } |
pu y|xrp~y }pu}pyu{z ptpyr~z }tu|y |u{tryspu|u} . Tru|yu~yu {p |
wq p|~y{r
|~u~yz , p xtp~y uyp|yxyrp~~ y~usp|~ u} ASIC . Tzrp , rx}w~ , yx}u~u~yu {y rpu~y . Dryspu| {|pu ~p~s psuspp us pq
|wyu|~z y|y y~} q} yty sp~yyrp y y|p prpyz~ y
pyz , u} y|y , pyp~~z ~p us
|y
u}z |u{yrt p{z yu} r yu}u {
s|
~ y IGCT , {u ~u uq| yx uy , }up~yu{p pp{uyy{p p~ry {rptpy~z . V|t~p rtp yx qru~~ |u{}up~yu{u uqpxrp~yu }wu y}p|~ ~ppyrp t {~{u~u y}u~u~yu r } , y q
p{yu{y r ru}
{ , {p{ trp ~r~ ~utp{p py~~~s tryspu| r ru q|p ~pt~s xzrp , uqpxrpu| ~u xr|u xtp yxq~u tpr|u~yu ~uutru~~ t{|p { xp}u~}
|pq|u~y ~pp ~p ut|u~yu y
|ry} {|
ppyy r st . Oq
trp~yu , ~p WSP y|y y~} q} us
|yrp~y p y
|
u~~}y pp{uyy{p}y . D| us
|yrp~y y{|p uy ~p rtu ~urx}w~p , quuyrp ty~p}yu{yu ~ps
x{y (~ps
x{y r tryspu| . Rru}u~~u uqpxrpu|y |u{~~s us
|yrp~y u~|syu{y pp}ur https://prom-electric.ru/articles/10/230978/
uqpxrpu| |
wy t| pq ~u{|{y {y|r| y . Quxp~p y~
ytp ~p y{|u~yy sytpr|yu{y uwy}r py~p|~ pqp r pr
pr|u~y y~~~}y tryspu|}y , pry { y|
uzy |
p prtp~ y}u~u~yu r ypuz uy (u~|syu{z ~ps
x{y) , }~ |u{tryspu| y y yr|u~y , q|uu u
r~uz rt~ {r rt~z px { p}|y
t~}
x~pu~y y~
ytp|~s rt~s ys~p|p
u} }s }py~s uqpxrpu| s }rs y~rup uqpxrpu| r|u }uw
~} {~
} ~~s {p , {u xp
t~ {|
ppy y }}u~} py~~~ yrtr rp|{r |sp~sr . @y~~~z |u{tryspu| ~pp sus rt~pqwu~y . Dpr|u~yu ttuwyrpu ~~} pyu{y} }}u~} ~p y~urp|u {pwts yx rt~ tpr|u~yz (uut rprpy} y rqp~~z rp}y p~z uqpxrpu| }wu rxrp |{ {~
{yr~s y|~u~y , {|y |
p yx u} y~rur ~pwu~y , {}u s , r|{y , y ry yxrtyu|~ ~p~s psuspp
ru|yyrpu ru~ pxrr
qrtp , ~ptuw~y , u} y p~tp~} yp~yy 220/380 B r}|u r |
pu rqyp yt yx ~u{|{y tryspu|uz . K . Wyru rt ~
w~ t|
}u~u~y y|p prpyz~ y
pyz , t| |pr~z us
|yr{y PX y}u~ p{ ~pxrpu}z }~s{p~z YIM , p}|y
tz) . Bu{~u
pr|u~yu y|r}y |u{~~}y {|p}y t|w~ q yxr|~
ru|yu~ r } |
pu ~uqty}y . Bu{~u us
|yrp~yu ~pwu~y ; qu
tp|u~yu yq{ y }y utrpyu|~s r{p~s uqpxrp~y . Kpwtp https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/71653/
uqpxrpu| |u{~~s yp pp{uyy{y tryspu| y . R{p|~z uwy} ru{~s
pr|u~y uqpxrpu| r|~u sp}}~u quuu~yu , spqpyp} , y|y t{|u~yu} uux WSP y|y p~xy IGBT p~xy y up|~s rtuq|u~y (t 60%) , uqpx
{y~uyu{
~usy , s|p~ tp~~} y~uyy . Tpr|u~yu yxrtyu|~ q|s {|yurp y|utrp~yz r {puru |u{~~ {|uz {
ru|yu~y {|yurp ~pru~ {~tu~pr . @~p|sru rt y|x
t| uqpxrp~y (tu{y-~y {y|su) . K|yur
r~uz rt~s ys~p|p . T|
u~yu pp{uyy{ ypuz uy . Mrp u}p t{|u~y ; u{y|~u q
trp~yu ,
{pxp~~u ~utp{y yrt {
}u~u~y prpyz~y ~p rtu uqpxrpu| uyp|yxyrp~~ y~usp|~ u} y~rur . Sp{wu xpp
y}uu rx}w~ pq ruz |y~u
|~p . Rq us
|yrp~y {y |u{yrtp ~u xtprp ~u~
w~u ru~~u tpr|u~yu ~pp y q|z qu} tpy yrty { |u{yrt
. Ot~p{ ru}u~~p p r{r|~ , q |
y r{u ~~u ~pwu~yu yrutu , syt|u{p~yz y r~utu~y p~ uqpxrpu|uz p rpu~y , rqp , q |utrp ~}
y~
ytp|~}
ys~p|
pr|u~y) , xr|yu up
u} yx}u~u~y {y ~ppp~y ~pwu~y y{y} typpx~} ~pwu~yz {p{ y xr| |
p q|uu tsy y~rur : |u{yrt} |u{tryspu| , p p{wu y}uu rz {yyu~ sp}~y{ r yu}u {
s|
~ pr}pyu{y uu{|y yrt r|u us
|y
u}} pr}pyxyrp~~} |u{yrt} . ^{~}yu{y rst~} y}u}
zr uqpxrp~y }y
https://prom-electric.ru/articles/9/157624/
uqpxrpu| p y~yyp|~ ~u {~}y~p ;
}u~y y ~p p~tp~ |u{tryspu|uz } {|pp~r (y~stp y y{}
y}u~u~y ~usquuspy u~|syz {rpu }~squpy}y |
rt~y{r}y
zrp}y , rxp~~u } }y{u}
pr|u~y y~~~}y y qp~p rx p~ry pry} |prpy}y {~tu~pp}y (flying capacitor converter) - metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) y ~~s ~pwu~y , u ~uqty} |~ truty|y y
pr|uu
zr ({~||u) . Nyw~yz utu| 0 t uurs
qrtp . Dp~~p q|u}p ~u }uy| ~y r uqpxrpu| r
qrtp , ru~y ~ptuw~y , ||uzq
r , y q|uu 20 %) ; r pr~u~yy ~uutru~~z rx . Xpp rt~s ys~p|p qp~z rxy xpsp}}yrp~~}
spy{
. D| u{yr~s uqpxrp~y ~~s {p t|
pr|u~y y~~~}y tryspu|}y , ||uzq
r , y p~p . K~||u p{wu q|ptp r{z { rpu~y |u{tryspu| . Tru|yu~yu {p |
wq q
trp~y y
pr|uu
zr (yu}p
pr|u~y) , qu~~ r q
t
u} . Py y}u~u~yy p~s uqpxrpu| |u{yu{s yrtp ~ps~upu| yx}u~u us ~us~uxpryy}
p} . Puru pry| , p{yu {|y , y B) , uwtu rus y|x
u ys~p| qp~z rxy) . ^ uqpxrpu| r uwy}u su~upp-uqpxrpu| , q
trp~y . Puqpxrpu| p t| tp|~uzuz }tu~yxpyy . Rust~ y|rp |u{~y{p y ~p rp|
tryspu| { u} rt r }~z y~u||u{
p|~z y~
}u~ pr}pyxpyy
ur
y u~|syu{y ur https://prom-electric.ru/articles/8/136995/
- Joyful Note -